{
  "schema_version": 1,
  "id": "evt-2010-sledgehammer",
  "slug": "sledgehammer-isabelle-atp",
  "title": {
    "en": "Sledgehammer makes external automated provers practical inside Isabelle",
    "zh-CN": "Sledgehammer 将外部自动证明器实用化地接入 Isabelle"
  },
  "dates": {
    "event": "2010-07-14",
    "first_public_claim": null,
    "paper_release": "2010-07-14",
    "artifact_release": null,
    "independently_verified": null,
    "added_to_chronicle": "2026-09-15",
    "last_updated": "2026-09-15"
  },
  "event_types": [
    "system",
    "infrastructure"
  ],
  "significance": {
    "tier": "H2",
    "rationale": {
      "en": "Sledgehammer established a practical architecture for combining an interactive proof assistant with powerful external ATP systems, automatically selecting relevant facts and turning external search into proof-assistant-native progress.",
      "zh-CN": "Sledgehammer 建立了交互式证明助手与强大外部 ATP 的实用结合架构，自动选择相关事实，并把外部搜索转化为证明助手内部可用的证明进展。"
    }
  },
  "mathematical_novelty": {
    "type": "tooling_only"
  },
  "interfaces": [
    "formal",
    "symbolic"
  ],
  "claim": {
    "en": "At PAAR-2010 on 14 July 2010, Lawrence Paulson and Jasmin Blanchette presented three years of experience with Sledgehammer as a practical link between Isabelle and automatic theorem provers.",
    "zh-CN": "Lawrence Paulson 与 Jasmin Blanchette 在 2010 年 7 月 14 日 PAAR-2010 报告三年 Sledgehammer 使用经验，将其定位为 Isabelle 与自动定理证明器之间的实用桥梁。"
  },
  "summary": {
    "en": "Sledgehammer selects relevant Isabelle facts, translates proof obligations to external ATPs and uses the returned information to help construct proof-assistant-checked proofs.",
    "zh-CN": "Sledgehammer 自动选择 Isabelle 相关事实，将证明义务翻译给外部 ATP，并利用返回结果帮助构造由证明助手检查的证明。"
  },
  "why_it_matters": {
    "en": "The system made strong automation accessible in routine interactive proving and became an important precedent for later AI assistants that orchestrate external search while retaining trusted proof checking.",
    "zh-CN": "该系统让强自动化进入日常交互式证明流程，并成为后来“外部搜索 + 可信证明检查”AI 助手的重要前史。"
  },
  "ai_role": {
    "level": "ai_substantive_support",
    "description": {
      "en": "Automated premise selection and external provers supplied substantial proof search, while Isabelle retained the trusted formal proof environment.",
      "zh-CN": "自动前提选择与外部证明器承担大量证明搜索，Isabelle 保留可信形式证明环境。"
    }
  },
  "human_contribution": {
    "description": {
      "en": "Researchers designed the translation, relevance filtering, prover orchestration and proof reconstruction mechanisms; users supplied formal goals and integrated resulting proof steps.",
      "zh-CN": "研究者设计翻译、相关性筛选、证明器编排与证明重建机制；用户提供形式目标并整合所得证明步骤。"
    }
  },
  "systems": [
    "sledgehammer",
    "isabelle"
  ],
  "organizations": [
    "university-of-cambridge"
  ],
  "people": [
    "lawrence-paulson",
    "jasmin-blanchette"
  ],
  "problems": [
    "interactive-theorem-proving"
  ],
  "methods": [
    "premise-selection",
    "automated-theorem-proving",
    "proof-reconstruction"
  ],
  "verification": {
    "evidence_level": "E2",
    "status": "paper_released",
    "formal_assurance": "machine_checked",
    "history": [
      {
        "date": "2010-07-14",
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "note": {
          "en": "The PAAR-2010 program and proceedings document Sledgehammer's practical Isabelle/ATP workflow; machine checking refers to proof-assistant validation of reconstructed formal proofs, not independent reproduction of reported usage results.",
          "zh-CN": "PAAR-2010 议程与 proceedings 记录了 Sledgehammer 的 Isabelle/ATP 工作流；machine_checked 指重建形式证明由证明助手验证，并不表示 Chronicle 独立复现使用结果。"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "paar-sledgehammer-2010",
      "tier": "S1",
      "type": "paper",
      "title": "Three Years of Experience with Sledgehammer, a Practical Link between Automatic and Interactive Theorem Provers",
      "url": "https://www.eprover.org/EVENTS/PAAR-2010/paar-2010.html",
      "primary": true,
      "published_date": "2010-07-14",
      "accessed_at": "2026-09-15"
    }
  ],
  "artifacts": [],
  "relationships": {
    "predecessors": [],
    "successors": [],
    "related": []
  },
  "timeline": {
    "featured": true,
    "significance": "primary"
  },
  "tags": [
    "sledgehammer",
    "isabelle",
    "automated-theorem-proving",
    "interactive-theorem-proving"
  ],
  "editorial": {
    "created_at": "2026-09-15",
    "last_reviewed": "2026-09-15",
    "reviewers": [
      "Charlie-Wang-03"
    ]
  },
  "corrections": []
}