{
  "schema_version": 1,
  "id": "evt-1965-resolution-principle",
  "slug": "resolution-principle",
  "title": {
    "en": "Robinson's resolution principle establishes a machine-oriented foundation for automated deduction",
    "zh-CN": "Robinson 归结原理建立面向机器的自动演绎基础"
  },
  "dates": {
    "event": "1965-01-01",
    "first_public_claim": "1965-01-01",
    "paper_release": "1965-01-01",
    "artifact_release": null,
    "independently_verified": null,
    "added_to_chronicle": "2026-09-15",
    "last_updated": "2026-09-15"
  },
  "event_types": [
    "infrastructure"
  ],
  "significance": {
    "tier": "H2",
    "rationale": {
      "en": "Robinson's resolution principle supplied a machine-oriented inference rule and unification-centered framework that became foundational to automated first-order theorem proving.",
      "zh-CN": "Robinson 的归结原理提供面向机器的推理规则与以合一为核心的框架，成为一阶自动定理证明的基础方法之一。"
    }
  },
  "mathematical_novelty": {
    "type": "new_algorithm"
  },
  "interfaces": [
    "formal",
    "symbolic"
  ],
  "claim": {
    "en": "J. A. Robinson introduced a resolution-based procedure for first-order predicate logic designed to improve the efficiency and practical applicability of machine theorem proving.",
    "zh-CN": "J. A. Robinson 提出面向一阶谓词逻辑的归结式过程，旨在提升机器定理证明的效率与实际适用范围。"
  },
  "summary": {
    "en": "The method combines substitution through unification with a single resolution inference scheme, replacing less efficient alternating procedures used in earlier machine theorem proving.",
    "zh-CN": "该方法通过合一处理代换，并使用统一的归结推理模式，取代早期机器定理证明中效率较低的交替过程。"
  },
  "why_it_matters": {
    "en": "Resolution became one of the central algorithmic foundations of automated deduction, logic programming and many later theorem-proving systems.",
    "zh-CN": "归结后来成为自动演绎、逻辑程序设计及大量后续定理证明系统的核心算法基础之一。"
  },
  "ai_role": {
    "level": "computation_only",
    "description": {
      "en": "The event concerns an algorithmic inference method designed for machine reasoning rather than an AI system producing a new mathematical theorem.",
      "zh-CN": "该事件的核心是为机器推理设计的算法推理方法，而非 AI 系统产生新的数学定理。"
    }
  },
  "human_contribution": {
    "description": {
      "en": "J. A. Robinson developed and analyzed the resolution principle and its machine-oriented logical formulation.",
      "zh-CN": "J. A. Robinson 提出并分析归结原理及其面向机器的逻辑形式。"
    }
  },
  "systems": [],
  "organizations": [
    "argonne-national-laboratory"
  ],
  "people": [
    "j-a-robinson"
  ],
  "problems": [
    "first-order-theorem-proving"
  ],
  "methods": [
    "resolution",
    "unification",
    "automated-deduction"
  ],
  "verification": {
    "evidence_level": "E2",
    "status": "paper_released",
    "formal_assurance": "none",
    "history": [
      {
        "date": "1965-01-01",
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "note": {
          "en": "The JACM research record establishes the resolution principle and its machine-theorem-proving motivation.",
          "zh-CN": "JACM 研究记录确认了归结原理及其机器定理证明动机。"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "acm-robinson-resolution-1965",
      "tier": "S1",
      "type": "paper",
      "title": "A Machine-Oriented Logic Based on the Resolution Principle",
      "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/321250.321253",
      "primary": true,
      "published_date": "1965-01-01",
      "accessed_at": "2026-09-15"
    }
  ],
  "artifacts": [],
  "relationships": {
    "predecessors": [],
    "successors": [],
    "related": []
  },
  "timeline": {
    "featured": true,
    "significance": "primary"
  },
  "tags": [
    "resolution",
    "unification",
    "automated-deduction",
    "theorem-proving"
  ],
  "editorial": {
    "created_at": "2026-09-15",
    "last_reviewed": "2026-09-15",
    "reviewers": [
      "Charlie-Wang-03"
    ]
  },
  "corrections": []
}