{
  "schema_version": 1,
  "id": "evt-1994-qed-manifesto",
  "slug": "qed-manifesto",
  "title": {
    "en": "The QED Manifesto articulates a shared vision for a machine-checked mathematical knowledge base",
    "zh-CN": "QED Manifesto 提出共享机器检查数学知识库愿景"
  },
  "dates": {
    "event": "1994-05-15",
    "first_public_claim": "1994-05-15",
    "paper_release": "1994-05-15",
    "artifact_release": null,
    "independently_verified": null,
    "added_to_chronicle": "2026-09-15",
    "last_updated": "2026-09-15"
  },
  "event_types": [
    "field_building"
  ],
  "significance": {
    "tier": "H2",
    "rationale": {
      "en": "The QED Manifesto articulated a collective vision of representing important mathematical knowledge formally and mechanically checking all proofs, making formalized mathematics a community-scale infrastructure goal.",
      "zh-CN": "QED Manifesto 提出把重要数学知识形式表示并机械检查全部证明的共同愿景，使形式化数学成为共同体规模的基础设施目标。"
    }
  },
  "mathematical_novelty": {
    "type": "not_applicable"
  },
  "interfaces": [
    "not_applicable"
  ],
  "claim": {
    "en": "The manifesto dated 15 May 1994 proposed the QED project: a computer system representing important mathematical knowledge and techniques with strict formal internal representation and mechanical proof checking.",
    "zh-CN": "1994 年 5 月 15 日的宣言提出 QED Project：建立表示重要数学知识与技术的计算机系统，内部采用严格形式表示并机械检查证明。"
  },
  "summary": {
    "en": "QED was a field-building vision rather than a single software release, calling for broad cooperation around shared formal mathematical knowledge.",
    "zh-CN": "QED 是领域建构愿景而非单一软件发布，主张围绕共享形式数学知识开展广泛协作。"
  },
  "why_it_matters": {
    "en": "The manifesto anticipated later large formal libraries, interoperability ambitions and AI systems trained or evaluated over machine-readable mathematics.",
    "zh-CN": "该宣言预示了后来的大型形式数学库、互操作愿景以及在机器可读数学上训练和评测的 AI 系统。"
  },
  "ai_role": {
    "level": "not_applicable",
    "description": {
      "en": "The milestone is a community vision and governance document, not an AI system performing mathematics.",
      "zh-CN": "该节点属于共同体愿景与治理文献，不是 AI 系统执行数学任务。"
    }
  },
  "human_contribution": {
    "description": {
      "en": "The QED community formulated the shared vision for formal mathematical knowledge infrastructure.",
      "zh-CN": "QED 社群提出共享形式数学知识基础设施的愿景。"
    }
  },
  "systems": [],
  "organizations": [],
  "people": [],
  "problems": [],
  "methods": [],
  "verification": {
    "evidence_level": "E2",
    "status": "paper_released",
    "formal_assurance": "none",
    "history": [
      {
        "date": "1994-05-15",
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "note": {
          "en": "The dated manifesto directly records the proposed QED project and its goals.",
          "zh-CN": "带日期的宣言直接记录了 QED 项目及其目标。"
        }
      }
    ]
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "qed-manifesto-1994",
      "tier": "S1",
      "type": "community",
      "title": "The QED Manifesto",
      "url": "https://www.cs.ru.nl/~freek/qed/qed.pdf",
      "primary": true,
      "published_date": "1994-05-15",
      "accessed_at": "2026-09-15"
    }
  ],
  "artifacts": [],
  "relationships": {
    "predecessors": [],
    "successors": [],
    "related": []
  },
  "timeline": {
    "featured": true,
    "significance": "primary"
  },
  "tags": [
    "qed-manifesto",
    "field-building",
    "formal-mathematics",
    "mathematical-knowledge"
  ],
  "editorial": {
    "created_at": "2026-09-15",
    "last_reviewed": "2026-09-15",
    "reviewers": [
      "Charlie-Wang-03"
    ]
  },
  "corrections": []
}