{
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  "generated_from": "data/events/*.yaml",
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      "id": "evt-2026-openai-math-release",
      "slug": "openai-722-manuscript-mathematics-release",
      "title": {
        "en": "OpenAI releases 722 AI-generated mathematics manuscripts across 372 result families",
        "zh-CN": "OpenAI 发布 722 篇 AI 生成数学手稿，覆盖 372 个成果族"
      },
      "event_date": "2026-10-06",
      "last_updated": "2026-10-07",
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        "discovery",
        "proof",
        "formalization"
      ],
      "significance": "H1",
      "verification": {
        "status": "under_verification",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
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      "urls": {
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      },
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          "title": "Sharing AI progress in mathematics",
          "url": "https://openai.com/index/sharing-ai-progress-in-mathematics/",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
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        {
          "title": "OpenAI mathematics manuscript collection",
          "url": "https://github.com/openai/math",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
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    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2026-claude-3sum-apsp",
      "slug": "claude-3sum-apsp-polynomial-speedup",
      "title": {
        "en": "Claude is credited with discovering truly subquadratic 3SUM and truly subcubic APSP algorithms",
        "zh-CN": "Claude 被归因于发现真正次二次 3SUM 与真正次三次 APSP 算法"
      },
      "event_date": "2026-10-05",
      "last_updated": "2026-10-07",
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        "formalization"
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      "significance": "H1",
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        "formal_assurance": "machine_checked"
      },
      "urls": {
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      },
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        {
          "title": "Truly Subquadratic 3SUM and Truly Subcubic APSP via Triangles in Sparse Lopsided Graphs",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.06783",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Truly Subquadratic 3SUM and Truly Subcubic APSP — Lean 4 formalization",
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          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "formal_artifact"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2026-chatgpt-kls-proof",
      "slug": "chatgpt-assisted-kls-proof",
      "title": {
        "en": "Bizeul, Klartag and Lehec release a ChatGPT-assisted proof of the KLS conjecture",
        "zh-CN": "Bizeul、Klartag 与 Lehec 发布由 ChatGPT 深度参与的 KLS 猜想证明"
      },
      "event_date": "2026-10-04",
      "last_updated": "2026-10-07",
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        "formal_assurance": "none"
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      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "A proof of the Kannan–Lovász–Simonovits conjecture",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2610.05474",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
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      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2026-meta-muse-spark-open-research",
      "slug": "meta-muse-spark-open-research",
      "title": {
        "en": "Meta publishes six Muse Spark–mathematician research papers, five answering open questions",
        "zh-CN": "Meta 发布六篇 Muse Spark 与数学家合作论文，其中五篇回答开放研究问题"
      },
      "event_date": "2026-10-02",
      "last_updated": "2026-10-07",
      "event_types": [
        "discovery",
        "proof"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
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        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
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        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/meta-muse-spark-open-research.json"
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        {
          "title": "Solving Open Research Problems Together",
          "url": "https://research.meta.ai/blog/solving-open-research-problems-together",
          "tier": "S2",
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          "title": "The Strict Threshold for Gaussian Ellipsoid Fitting",
          "url": "https://ai.meta.com/research/publications/the-strict-threshold-for-gaussian-ellipsoid-fitting/",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Finite-Time Blow-Up of Radial Negative-Energy Solutions for the Mass-Critical Biharmonic Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation",
          "url": "https://ai.meta.com/research/publications/finite-time-blow-up-of-radial-negative-energy-solutions-for-the-mass-critical-biharmonic-nonlinear-schrodinger-equation/",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Semiabelian Groups Need Not Be Monomial",
          "url": "https://ai.meta.com/research/publications/semiabelian-groups-need-not-be-monomial/",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Tightness of the Cycle-Based Relaxation for Completed Length-Three Alpha-Cycles",
          "url": "https://ai.meta.com/research/publications/tightness-of-the-cycle-based-relaxation-for-completed-length-three-alpha-cycles/",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "String Two-Point Function = Height Function on a Curve",
          "url": "https://ai.meta.com/research/publications/string-two-point-function-height-function-on-a-curve/",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "On Solvable Evolution Algebras and a Conjecture by García-Martínez and Pérez-Rodríguez",
          "url": "https://ai.meta.com/research/publications/on-solvable-evolution-algebras-and-a-conjecture-by-garcia-martinez-and-perez-rodriguez/",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
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      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2026-agmai-responsible-release",
      "slug": "agmai-responsible-release-ai-generated-mathematics",
      "title": {
        "en": "AGMAI publishes responsible-release norms for AI-generated mathematics",
        "zh-CN": "AGMAI 发布 AI 生成数学成果的负责任发布规范"
      },
      "event_date": "2026-09-29",
      "last_updated": "2026-10-07",
      "event_types": [
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      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "claimed",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
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        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/agmai-responsible-release-ai-generated-mathematics/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/agmai-responsible-release-ai-generated-mathematics.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Responsible Release of AI-Generated Mathematics",
          "url": "https://agmai.org/general-sep29/",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2026-frenzymath-poincare-formalization",
      "slug": "frenzymath-poincare-formalization",
      "title": {
        "en": "FrenzyMath releases a Comparator-checked AI-assisted Lean formalization of the Poincaré conjecture",
        "zh-CN": "FrenzyMath 发布经 Comparator 检查的 AI 辅助庞加莱猜想 Lean 形式化"
      },
      "event_date": "2026-09-28",
      "last_updated": "2026-10-07",
      "event_types": [
        "formalization",
        "proof",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
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        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "machine_checked"
      },
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      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Formalization of the Poincaré Conjecture",
          "url": "https://frenzymath.com/news/poincare-formalization/",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        },
        {
          "title": "Poincare Conjecture Lean formalization",
          "url": "https://github.com/frenzymath/Poincare-Conjecture",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "formal_artifact"
        },
        {
          "title": "A Lean Formalization of the Hamilton--Perelman Proof of the Three-Dimensional Poincaré Conjecture",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.33842",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
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      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2026-agmai-advisory-group",
      "slug": "agmai-advisory-group",
      "title": {
        "en": "Independent Advisory Group on Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence launches at IAS",
        "zh-CN": "独立的数学与人工智能顾问组在 IAS 成立"
      },
      "event_date": "2026-09-21",
      "last_updated": "2026-10-07",
      "event_types": [
        "field_building"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "claimed",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
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      },
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        {
          "title": "Advisory Group on Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence",
          "url": "https://agmai.org/",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
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        {
          "title": "Advisory Group on Mathematics and Artificial Intelligence",
          "url": "https://openai.com/index/advisory-group-on-mathematics-and-ai/",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
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      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2026-lean-pool",
      "slug": "lean-pool-ai-maintained-archive",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lean Pool publishes an AI-maintained archive for large-scale formalized mathematics",
        "zh-CN": "Lean Pool 发布面向大规模形式化数学的 AI 维护档案库"
      },
      "event_date": "2026-09-21",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-27",
      "event_types": [
        "infrastructure",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/lean-pool-ai-maintained-archive/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/lean-pool-ai-maintained-archive/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/lean-pool-ai-maintained-archive.json"
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      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Lean Pool: An AI-Maintained Archive of Formalized Mathematics",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.25199",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Lean Pool",
          "url": "https://github.com/Vilin97/lean-pool",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2026-formalflow-mipstarre",
      "slug": "formalflow-mipstarre",
      "title": {
        "en": "FormalFlow completes a 126,000-line Lean formalization of a core theorem underlying MIP* = RE",
        "zh-CN": "FormalFlow 完成支撑 MIP* = RE 核心定理的 12.6 万行 Lean 形式化"
      },
      "event_date": "2026-09-17",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-27",
      "event_types": [
        "formalization",
        "system",
        "proof"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "machine_checked"
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      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Long-horizon autoformalization of a core theorem underlying MIP* = RE",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.19814",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "MIPStarRE Lean formalization repository",
          "url": "https://github.com/LionSR/MIPStarRE",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "formal_artifact"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2026-astra-liouville-goldbach",
      "slug": "astra-liouville-goldbach",
      "title": {
        "en": "Captain Sude credits GPT-6 Astra with an unconditional proof of the Liouville–Goldbach problem",
        "zh-CN": "Captain Sude 将 Liouville–Goldbach 问题的无条件证明归因于 GPT-6 Astra"
      },
      "event_date": "2026-09-16",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-27",
      "event_types": [
        "discovery",
        "proof",
        "formalization"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "partially_verified",
        "evidence_level": "E4",
        "formal_assurance": "independently_replayed"
      },
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      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "A Goldbach theorem for the Liouville function",
          "url": "https://github.com/CaptainSude/Liouville-Goldbach",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        },
        {
          "title": "A Goldbach theorem for the Liouville function",
          "url": "https://github.com/CaptainSude/Liouville-Goldbach/blob/main/paper/liouville-goldbach.pdf",
          "tier": "S1",
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        {
          "title": "Captain Sude announcement attributing the Liouville–Goldbach proof to GPT-6 Astra",
          "url": "https://x.com/captain_sude/status/2100277626120163664",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        },
        {
          "title": "On Shusterman's Goldbach-type problem for sign patterns of the Liouville function",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.17199",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "On a Goldbach-type problem for the Liouville function",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2404.12117",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
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      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2026-severe-misalignment-ai-mathematics",
      "slug": "severe-misalignment-ai-mathematics",
      "title": {
        "en": "Twenty-five Fields Medallists publish A Severe Misalignment of AI in Mathematics",
        "zh-CN": "25 位菲尔兹奖得主发布《A Severe Misalignment of AI in Mathematics》声明"
      },
      "event_date": "2026-09-11",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-22",
      "event_types": [
        "field_building"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "claimed",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
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        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/severe-misalignment-ai-mathematics/",
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      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "A Severe Misalignment of AI in Mathematics",
          "url": "https://mathandai.org/",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "community"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2026-magenta",
      "slug": "magenta-lean-verification-loop",
      "title": {
        "en": "Magenta closes the loop between informal mathematical reasoning and Lean verification",
        "zh-CN": "Magenta 打通非形式数学推理与 Lean 验证闭环"
      },
      "event_date": "2026-09-10",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-14",
      "event_types": [
        "system",
        "formalization"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "machine_checked"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/magenta-lean-verification-loop/",
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      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Magenta: Closing the Loop Between Mathematical Reasoning and Lean Verification",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.11319",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2026-buckmaster-alpoge-fluid-blowup",
      "slug": "buckmaster-alpoge-fluid-blowup",
      "title": {
        "en": "Buckmaster and Alpöge release AI-assisted smooth-forcing blowup results for Euler, Boussinesq and IPM",
        "zh-CN": "Buckmaster 与 Alpöge 发布 AI 辅助的 Euler、Boussinesq 与 IPM 光滑外力爆破结果"
      },
      "event_date": "2026-09-08",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "discovery",
        "proof",
        "formalization"
      ],
      "significance": "H1",
      "verification": {
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        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
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      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Tristan Buckmaster statement on the joint fluid blowup work with Levent Alpöge",
          "url": "https://cims.nyu.edu/~tristanb/statement.pdf",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        },
        {
          "title": "Finite-time blow-up for the three-dimensional incompressible Euler equations with smooth force",
          "url": "https://cims.nyu.edu/~tristanb/euler.pdf",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Finite-time blow-up for the planar inviscid Boussinesq equations with smooth force",
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          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Extending the Córdoba–Martínez-Zoroa IPM blow-up to uniformly space-time smooth forcing",
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          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
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        {
          "title": "Lean formalizations for the Buckmaster–Alpöge fluid blowup results",
          "url": "https://github.com/tristanbuckmaster/fluid_lean",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "formal_artifact"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2026-openai-navier-stokes",
      "slug": "openai-navier-stokes-solution-claim",
      "title": {
        "en": "OpenAI publishes an AI-generated claimed solution to the Navier–Stokes Millennium Problem with Lean formalization",
        "zh-CN": "OpenAI 发布 AI 生成的 Navier–Stokes 千禧年问题解答主张及 Lean 形式化"
      },
      "event_date": "2026-09-08",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-17",
      "event_types": [
        "discovery",
        "proof",
        "formalization",
        "system",
        "controversy"
      ],
      "significance": "H1",
      "verification": {
        "status": "disputed",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "machine_checked"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/openai-navier-stokes-solution-claim/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/openai-navier-stokes-solution-claim/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/openai-navier-stokes-solution-claim.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "On the Navier–Stokes Millennium Prize Problem",
          "url": "https://openai.com/index/navier-stokes-solution/",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        },
        {
          "title": "Finite Time Blowup for Navier–Stokes",
          "url": "https://cdn.openai.com/pdf/32d9f210-8b73-45e0-91bc-82a30aef8a9a/navier-stokes.pdf",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Lean certificates accompanying Navier–Stokes and Euler results",
          "url": "https://github.com/openai/NavierStokesAndEuler",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "formal_artifact"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2026-stochbench",
      "slug": "stochbench-stochastic-processes-lean",
      "title": {
        "en": "StochBench brings graduate stochastic processes into Lean theorem-proving evaluation",
        "zh-CN": "StochBench 将研究生随机过程引入 Lean 定理证明评测"
      },
      "event_date": "2026-09-08",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-14",
      "event_types": [
        "benchmark",
        "dataset",
        "formalization"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/stochbench-stochastic-processes-lean/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/stochbench-stochastic-processes-lean/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/stochbench-stochastic-processes-lean.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "StochBench: A Domain-Specific Benchmark for Stochastic Processes in Lean",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2609.09264",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "StochBench dataset",
          "url": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/IdanDavidovich/StochBench",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "dataset"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2026-claude-flt-formalization",
      "slug": "claude-fermat-last-theorem-formalization",
      "title": {
        "en": "Anthropic releases a Claude-generated complete Lean formalization of Fermat's Last Theorem",
        "zh-CN": "Anthropic 发布由 Claude 生成的费马大定理完整 Lean 形式化"
      },
      "event_date": "2026-09-04",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-10",
      "event_types": [
        "formalization",
        "proof",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H1",
      "verification": {
        "status": "independently_verified",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "independently_replayed"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/claude-fermat-last-theorem-formalization/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/claude-fermat-last-theorem-formalization/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/claude-fermat-last-theorem-formalization.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Formalizing Fermat's Last Theorem",
          "url": "https://www.anthropic.com/research/formalizing-fermats-last-theorem",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        },
        {
          "title": "Fermat's Last Theorem in Lean 4",
          "url": "https://github.com/anthropics/fermats-last-theorem",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "formal_artifact"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2026-openai-prime-gaps-186",
      "slug": "openai-gpt6-astra-prime-gaps-186",
      "title": {
        "en": "GPT-6 Astra is credited with improving the bounded prime-gap record to 186",
        "zh-CN": "GPT-6 Astra 被归因于将有界素数间隔纪录推进至 186"
      },
      "event_date": "2026-08-30",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-27",
      "event_types": [
        "discovery",
        "proof",
        "formalization"
      ],
      "significance": "H1",
      "verification": {
        "status": "under_verification",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "machine_checked"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/openai-gpt6-astra-prime-gaps-186/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/openai-gpt6-astra-prime-gaps-186/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/openai-gpt6-astra-prime-gaps-186.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Improved short gaps between primes",
          "url": "https://cdn.openai.com/pdf/51126fac-1b68-4128-9666-c908bcc16033/short_gaps.pdf",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Prime Gaps at Most 186",
          "url": "https://github.com/openai/PrimeGaps186",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        },
        {
          "title": "PrimeGaps186 formalization metadata",
          "url": "https://github.com/openai/PrimeGaps186/blob/main/formalization.yaml",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "formal_artifact"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2026-palomar-registry",
      "slug": "palomar-lean-verified-mathematics-registry",
      "title": {
        "en": "Palomar opens a public registry for Lean-verified mathematics",
        "zh-CN": "Palomar 开放面向 Lean 验证数学的公共注册库"
      },
      "event_date": "2026-08-18",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-27",
      "event_types": [
        "infrastructure",
        "field_building"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "claimed",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/palomar-lean-verified-mathematics-registry/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/palomar-lean-verified-mathematics-registry/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/palomar-lean-verified-mathematics-registry.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Palomar: a registry of Lean-verified mathematics",
          "url": "https://palomar-registry.org/statement",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        },
        {
          "title": "Palomar – a registry of Lean verified mathematics",
          "url": "https://terrytao.wordpress.com/2026/08/18/palomar-a-registry-of-lean-verified-mathematics/",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "community"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2026-claude-riemann-lower-bound",
      "slug": "claude-riemann-zeta-lower-bound",
      "title": {
        "en": "Claude improves a longstanding lower bound related to the Riemann hypothesis",
        "zh-CN": "Claude 改进与黎曼猜想相关的长期下界"
      },
      "event_date": "2026-08-10",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-10",
      "event_types": [
        "discovery",
        "proof",
        "formalization",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H1",
      "verification": {
        "status": "independently_verified",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "independently_replayed"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/claude-riemann-zeta-lower-bound/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/claude-riemann-zeta-lower-bound/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/claude-riemann-zeta-lower-bound.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Learning more about Claude's mathematical capabilities",
          "url": "https://www.anthropic.com/research/riemann-zeta",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        },
        {
          "title": "Zeta23 Lean 4 formalization",
          "url": "https://github.com/anthropics/zeta-23-lean",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "formal_artifact"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2026-openai-ten-advances",
      "slug": "openai-ten-math-tcs-advances",
      "title": {
        "en": "OpenAI publishes ten AI-generated advances across mathematics and theoretical computer science",
        "zh-CN": "OpenAI 发布十项 AI 生成的数学与理论计算机科学进展"
      },
      "event_date": "2026-08-01",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "discovery",
        "proof",
        "formalization",
        "system",
        "controversy"
      ],
      "significance": "H1",
      "verification": {
        "status": "disputed",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "machine_checked"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/openai-ten-math-tcs-advances/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/openai-ten-math-tcs-advances/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/openai-ten-math-tcs-advances.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Ten advances in mathematics and theoretical computer science",
          "url": "https://openai.com/index/ten-advances-in-mathematics/",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        },
        {
          "title": "Ten Advances in Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science",
          "url": "https://cdn.openai.com/pdf/ten-proofs-oai.pdf",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "OpenAI ten-proofs Lean certificates",
          "url": "https://github.com/openai/ten-proofs",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "formal_artifact"
        },
        {
          "title": "Andreas Thom statement on OpenAI non-sofic-group attribution and training-data provenance",
          "url": "https://mathstodon.xyz/@andreasthom/117240535270608201",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "community"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2026-frontiermath-open-problems",
      "slug": "frontiermath-open-problems-50",
      "title": {
        "en": "FrontierMath: Open Problems expands to 50 verifiable research problems",
        "zh-CN": "FrontierMath: Open Problems 扩展到 50 个可验证研究问题"
      },
      "event_date": "2026-07-31",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "benchmark",
        "dataset",
        "infrastructure"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "partially_verified",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/frontiermath-open-problems-50/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/frontiermath-open-problems-50/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/frontiermath-open-problems-50.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "FrontierMath: Open Problems",
          "url": "https://epoch.ai/frontiermath/open-problems?notability=Moderately+interesting",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "benchmark"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2026-aimo-proof-pilot",
      "slug": "aimo-proof-pilot-open-models",
      "title": {
        "en": "AIMO Proof Pilot evaluates fully open models on expert-graded Olympiad-style proofs",
        "zh-CN": "AIMO Proof Pilot 以专家评分的奥赛式完整证明评测完全开放模型"
      },
      "event_date": "2026-07-07",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "competition",
        "benchmark"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "claimed",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/aimo-proof-pilot-open-models/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/aimo-proof-pilot-open-models/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/aimo-proof-pilot-open-models.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "AIMO Proof Pilot Winners Announced",
          "url": "https://aimoprize.com/updates/2026-07-07-aimo-proof-pilot-winners-announced.md",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        },
        {
          "title": "AIMO 3 Winners Announced; AIMO Proof Pilot Launched",
          "url": "https://aimoprize.com/updates/2026-06-24-aimo-3-winners-announced",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        },
        {
          "title": "AIMO Proof Pilot submitted proof outputs",
          "url": "https://www.kaggle.com/competitions/ai-mathematical-olympiad-proof-pilot/discussion/714666",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "dataset"
        },
        {
          "title": "AIMO Proof Pilot grading data",
          "url": "https://www.kaggle.com/datasets/sambealing/aimopp-grading-data",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "dataset"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2026-leiden-declaration",
      "slug": "leiden-declaration-ai-mathematics",
      "title": {
        "en": "The Leiden Declaration sets community principles for AI in mathematical research",
        "zh-CN": "Leiden Declaration 为数学研究中的 AI 使用提出共同体原则"
      },
      "event_date": "2026-06-02",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-14",
      "event_types": [
        "field_building"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "claimed",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/leiden-declaration-ai-mathematics/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/leiden-declaration-ai-mathematics/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/leiden-declaration-ai-mathematics.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Leiden Declaration on Artificial Intelligence and Mathematics",
          "url": "https://leidendeclaration.ai/",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "community"
        },
        {
          "title": "Leiden Declaration on Artificial Intelligence and Mathematics — Zenodo record",
          "url": "https://zenodo.org/doi/10.5281/zenodo.20302944",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "other"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2026-alphaproof-nexus",
      "slug": "alphaproof-nexus-open-problem-proof-search",
      "title": {
        "en": "AlphaProof Nexus scales Lean-based agents to hundreds of open research problems",
        "zh-CN": "AlphaProof Nexus 将基于 Lean 的 Agent 扩展到数百个开放研究问题"
      },
      "event_date": "2026-05-21",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-10",
      "event_types": [
        "system",
        "proof",
        "formalization",
        "discovery"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "machine_checked"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/alphaproof-nexus-open-problem-proof-search/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/alphaproof-nexus-open-problem-proof-search/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/alphaproof-nexus-open-problem-proof-search.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Advancing Mathematics Research with AI-Driven Formal Proof Search",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2605.22763",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "AlphaProof Nexus Results",
          "url": "https://github.com/google-deepmind/alphaproof-nexus-results",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "formal_artifact"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2026-unit-distance-disproof",
      "slug": "openai-unit-distance-conjecture-disproof",
      "title": {
        "en": "OpenAI reports an autonomous disproof of Erdős's unit-distance growth conjecture",
        "zh-CN": "OpenAI 报告 AI 自主反驳 Erdős 单位距离增长猜想"
      },
      "event_date": "2026-05-20",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-10",
      "event_types": [
        "discovery",
        "proof",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H1",
      "verification": {
        "status": "independently_verified",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/openai-unit-distance-conjecture-disproof/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/openai-unit-distance-conjecture-disproof/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/openai-unit-distance-conjecture-disproof.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "An OpenAI model has disproved a central conjecture in discrete geometry",
          "url": "https://openai.com/index/model-disproves-discrete-geometry-conjecture/",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        },
        {
          "title": "Planar Point Sets with Many Unit Distances",
          "url": "https://cdn.openai.com/pdf/74c24085-19b0-4534-9c90-465b8e29ad73/unit-distance-proof.pdf",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2026-sorrydb",
      "slug": "sorrydb-real-world-lean-benchmark",
      "title": {
        "en": "SorryDB turns live proof holes from real Lean projects into a continuously updated benchmark",
        "zh-CN": "SorryDB 将真实 Lean 项目的动态证明缺口转化为持续更新的基准"
      },
      "event_date": "2026-03-03",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "benchmark",
        "dataset",
        "infrastructure",
        "proof"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/sorrydb-real-world-lean-benchmark/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/sorrydb-real-world-lean-benchmark/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/sorrydb-real-world-lean-benchmark.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "SorryDB: Can AI Provers Complete Real-World Lean Theorems?",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.02668",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "SorryDB benchmark, verifier and proving infrastructure",
          "url": "https://github.com/SorryDB/SorryDB",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2026-first-proof-openai",
      "slug": "openai-first-proof-research-challenge",
      "title": {
        "en": "OpenAI publishes research-level proof attempts on the First Proof challenge",
        "zh-CN": "OpenAI 发布 First Proof 研究级数学挑战的证明尝试"
      },
      "event_date": "2026-02-20",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-10",
      "event_types": [
        "benchmark",
        "proof",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "under_verification",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/openai-first-proof-research-challenge/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/openai-first-proof-research-challenge/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/openai-first-proof-research-challenge.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Our First Proof submissions",
          "url": "https://openai.com/index/first-proof-submissions/",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2026-m2f",
      "slug": "m2f-project-scale-autoformalization",
      "title": {
        "en": "M2F scales autoformalization from isolated theorems to machine-checked Lean projects",
        "zh-CN": "M2F 将自动形式化从孤立定理扩展到机器检查的 Lean 项目"
      },
      "event_date": "2026-02-19",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "formalization",
        "system",
        "infrastructure"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "machine_checked"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/m2f-project-scale-autoformalization/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/m2f-project-scale-autoformalization/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/m2f-project-scale-autoformalization.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "M2F: Automated Formalization of Mathematical Literature at Scale",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.17016",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "M2F autoformalization framework",
          "url": "https://github.com/optsuite/M2F",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        },
        {
          "title": "ReasBook generated Lean formalization projects",
          "url": "https://github.com/optsuite/ReasBook",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "formal_artifact"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2026-aletheia",
      "slug": "aletheia-autonomous-mathematics-research-agent",
      "title": {
        "en": "Aletheia extends Deep Think from Olympiad solving into research-level mathematics",
        "zh-CN": "Aletheia 将 Deep Think 从奥赛解题推进到研究级数学"
      },
      "event_date": "2026-02-10",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-10",
      "event_types": [
        "system",
        "discovery",
        "proof"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/aletheia-autonomous-mathematics-research-agent/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/aletheia-autonomous-mathematics-research-agent/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/aletheia-autonomous-mathematics-research-agent.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Towards Autonomous Mathematics Research",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.10177",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Accelerating Mathematical and Scientific Discovery with Gemini Deep Think",
          "url": "https://deepmind.google/blog/accelerating-mathematical-and-scientific-discovery-with-gemini-deep-think/",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2026-numina-lean-agent",
      "slug": "numina-lean-agent-general-coding-agent",
      "title": {
        "en": "Numina-Lean-Agent turns a general coding agent into an open Lean mathematics reasoner",
        "zh-CN": "Numina-Lean-Agent 将通用 Coding Agent 转化为开放的 Lean 数学推理系统"
      },
      "event_date": "2026-01-20",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "system",
        "proof",
        "formalization"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "machine_checked"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/numina-lean-agent-general-coding-agent/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/numina-lean-agent-general-coding-agent/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/numina-lean-agent-general-coding-agent.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Numina-Lean-Agent: An Open and General Agentic Reasoning System for Formal Mathematics",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2601.14027",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Numina-Lean-Agent implementation and proof resources",
          "url": "https://github.com/project-numina/numina-lean-agent",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2025-gpt5-2-learning-curves",
      "slug": "gpt5-2-learning-curve-monotonicity",
      "title": {
        "en": "GPT-5.2 Pro derives proofs for an open learning-curve monotonicity problem",
        "zh-CN": "GPT-5.2 Pro 推导开放学习曲线单调性问题的证明"
      },
      "event_date": "2025-12-11",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "discovery",
        "proof"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/gpt5-2-learning-curve-monotonicity/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/gpt5-2-learning-curve-monotonicity/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/gpt5-2-learning-curve-monotonicity.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "On Learning-Curve Monotonicity for Maximum Likelihood Estimators",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2512.10220",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Advancing science and math with GPT-5.2",
          "url": "https://openai.com/index/gpt-5-2-for-science-and-math/",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2025-gpt5-nag-open-problem",
      "slug": "gpt5-assisted-nesterov-point-convergence",
      "title": {
        "en": "An AI-assisted proof resolves the point-convergence question for Nesterov acceleration",
        "zh-CN": "AI 辅助证明解决 Nesterov 加速法的点收敛问题"
      },
      "event_date": "2025-10-27",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-10",
      "event_types": [
        "discovery",
        "proof"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/gpt5-assisted-nesterov-point-convergence/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/gpt5-assisted-nesterov-point-convergence/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/gpt5-assisted-nesterov-point-convergence.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Point Convergence of Nesterov's Accelerated Gradient Method: An AI-Assisted Proof",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.23513",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2025-aristotle",
      "slug": "aristotle-imo-level-formal-theorem-proving",
      "title": {
        "en": "Aristotle reports gold-equivalent formal performance on IMO 2025",
        "zh-CN": "Aristotle 报告在 IMO 2025 上达到形式证明金牌等效水平"
      },
      "event_date": "2025-10-01",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "proof",
        "competition",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "machine_checked"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/aristotle-imo-level-formal-theorem-proving/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/aristotle-imo-level-formal-theorem-proving/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/aristotle-imo-level-formal-theorem-proving.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Aristotle: IMO-level Automated Theorem Proving",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2510.01346",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Harmonic Aristotle IMO 2025 Lean proofs",
          "url": "https://github.com/harmonic-ai/IMO2025",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "formal_artifact"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2025-goedel-prover-v2",
      "slug": "goedel-prover-v2-self-correction",
      "title": {
        "en": "Goedel-Prover-V2 scales open theorem proving with self-correction",
        "zh-CN": "Goedel-Prover-V2 通过自我纠错扩展开放定理证明"
      },
      "event_date": "2025-08-05",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "proof",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "machine_checked"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/goedel-prover-v2-self-correction/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/goedel-prover-v2-self-correction/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/goedel-prover-v2-self-correction.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Goedel-Prover-V2: Scaling Formal Theorem Proving with Scaffolded Data Synthesis and Self-Correction",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2508.03613",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Goedel-Prover-V2 model and theorem-proving repository",
          "url": "https://github.com/Goedel-LM/Goedel-Prover-V2",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2025-seed-prover",
      "slug": "seed-prover-deep-broad-formal-reasoning",
      "title": {
        "en": "Seed-Prover combines deep and broad formal reasoning and proves five IMO 2025 problems",
        "zh-CN": "Seed-Prover 结合深度与广度形式推理并证明 IMO 2025 五道题"
      },
      "event_date": "2025-07-31",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "proof",
        "competition",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "machine_checked"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/seed-prover-deep-broad-formal-reasoning/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/seed-prover-deep-broad-formal-reasoning/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/seed-prover-deep-broad-formal-reasoning.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Seed-Prover: Deep and Broad Reasoning for Automated Theorem Proving",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.23726",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Seed-Prover formal theorem-proving repository",
          "url": "https://github.com/ByteDance-Seed/Seed-Prover",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2025-gemini-imo-gold",
      "slug": "gemini-deep-think-imo-2025-gold",
      "title": {
        "en": "Gemini Deep Think reaches officially graded IMO 2025 gold-medal standard in natural language",
        "zh-CN": "Gemini Deep Think 以自然语言达到经官方评分的 IMO 2025 金牌标准"
      },
      "event_date": "2025-07-21",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-10",
      "event_types": [
        "competition",
        "proof",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H1",
      "verification": {
        "status": "independently_verified",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/gemini-deep-think-imo-2025-gold/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/gemini-deep-think-imo-2025-gold/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/gemini-deep-think-imo-2025-gold.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Advanced version of Gemini with Deep Think officially achieves gold-medal standard at the International Mathematical Olympiad",
          "url": "https://deepmind.google/blog/advanced-version-of-gemini-with-deep-think-officially-achieves-gold-medal-standard-at-the-international-mathematical-olympiad/",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2025-openai-imo-gold",
      "slug": "openai-imo-2025-gold-level",
      "title": {
        "en": "OpenAI reports gold-level performance on IMO 2025 with a general reasoning model",
        "zh-CN": "OpenAI 报告通用推理模型在 IMO 2025 达到金牌水平"
      },
      "event_date": "2025-07-19",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-10",
      "event_types": [
        "competition",
        "proof",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H1",
      "verification": {
        "status": "independently_verified",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/openai-imo-2025-gold-level/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/openai-imo-2025-gold-level/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/openai-imo-2025-gold-level.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "OpenAI IMO 2025 Proofs",
          "url": "https://github.com/aw31/openai-imo-2025-proofs",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2025-leanconjecturer",
      "slug": "leanconjecturer-formal-conjecture-generation",
      "title": {
        "en": "LeanConjecturer scales LLM-generated mathematical conjectures inside Lean",
        "zh-CN": "LeanConjecturer 在 Lean 中扩展 LLM 数学猜想生成"
      },
      "event_date": "2025-06-27",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "system",
        "dataset",
        "formalization"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/leanconjecturer-formal-conjecture-generation/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/leanconjecturer-formal-conjecture-generation/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/leanconjecturer-formal-conjecture-generation.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "LeanConjecturer: Automatic Generation of Mathematical Conjectures for Theorem Proving",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.22005",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "LeanConjecturer generation and evaluation repository",
          "url": "https://github.com/auto-res/LeanConjecturer",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2025-mathesis",
      "slug": "mathesis-natural-language-formal-proving",
      "title": {
        "en": "Mathesis connects natural-language mathematics to end-to-end Lean theorem proving",
        "zh-CN": "Mathesis 将自然语言数学连接到端到端 Lean 定理证明"
      },
      "event_date": "2025-06-08",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-14",
      "event_types": [
        "formalization",
        "system",
        "benchmark"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "machine_checked"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/mathesis-natural-language-formal-proving/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/mathesis-natural-language-formal-proving/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/mathesis-natural-language-formal-proving.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Mathesis: Towards Formal Theorem Proving from Natural Languages",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.07047",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Mathesis implementation and project resources",
          "url": "https://github.com/Huawei-AI4Math/Mathesis",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        },
        {
          "title": "Mathesis — ICLR 2026 conference paper",
          "url": "https://proceedings.iclr.cc/paper_files/paper/2026/hash/93d5797656d3e70dca7535160a1458f3-Abstract-Conference.html",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2025-matharena",
      "slug": "matharena-live-math-competitions",
      "title": {
        "en": "MathArena turns newly released math competitions into a live contamination-resistant benchmark",
        "zh-CN": "MathArena 将最新数学竞赛转化为低污染的实时评测基准"
      },
      "event_date": "2025-05-29",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "benchmark",
        "infrastructure"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/matharena-live-math-competitions/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/matharena-live-math-competitions/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/matharena-live-math-competitions.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "MathArena: Evaluating LLMs on Uncontaminated Math Competitions",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.23281",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "MathArena evaluation repository",
          "url": "https://github.com/eth-sri/matharena",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        },
        {
          "title": "MathArena — NeurIPS 2025 Datasets and Benchmarks Track",
          "url": "https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper_files/paper/2025/hash/1d27c01ebd3e3aebe226b44fc970d803-Abstract-Datasets_and_Benchmarks_Track.html",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2025-alphaevolve",
      "slug": "alphaevolve-algorithm-discovery",
      "title": {
        "en": "AlphaEvolve generalizes LLM-guided evolutionary search for algorithm discovery",
        "zh-CN": "AlphaEvolve 将 LLM 引导的进化搜索推广到通用算法发现"
      },
      "event_date": "2025-05-14",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-10",
      "event_types": [
        "discovery",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H1",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/alphaevolve-algorithm-discovery/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/alphaevolve-algorithm-discovery/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/alphaevolve-algorithm-discovery.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "AlphaEvolve: A Gemini-powered coding agent for designing advanced algorithms",
          "url": "https://deepmind.google/blog/alphaevolve-a-gemini-powered-coding-agent-for-designing-advanced-algorithms/",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        },
        {
          "title": "AlphaEvolve: A coding agent for scientific and algorithmic discovery",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.13131",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Results of AlphaEvolve",
          "url": "https://github.com/google-deepmind/alphaevolve_results",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2025-deepseek-prover-v2",
      "slug": "deepseek-prover-v2-subgoal-rl",
      "title": {
        "en": "DeepSeek-Prover-V2 combines informal subgoal decomposition with Lean reinforcement learning",
        "zh-CN": "DeepSeek-Prover-V2 将非形式子目标分解与 Lean 强化学习结合"
      },
      "event_date": "2025-04-30",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "proof",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "machine_checked"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/deepseek-prover-v2-subgoal-rl/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/deepseek-prover-v2-subgoal-rl/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/deepseek-prover-v2-subgoal-rl.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "DeepSeek-Prover-V2: Advancing Formal Mathematical Reasoning via Reinforcement Learning for Subgoal Decomposition",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.21801",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "DeepSeek-Prover-V2 models, benchmark and solution artifacts",
          "url": "https://github.com/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-Prover-V2",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2025-deepseek-r1",
      "slug": "deepseek-r1-reinforcement-learning-reasoning",
      "title": {
        "en": "DeepSeek-R1 shows open reinforcement-learned reasoning at frontier math performance",
        "zh-CN": "DeepSeek-R1 展示开放强化学习推理模型的前沿数学能力"
      },
      "event_date": "2025-01-22",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "system",
        "benchmark"
      ],
      "significance": "H3",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/deepseek-r1-reinforcement-learning-reasoning/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/deepseek-r1-reinforcement-learning-reasoning/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/deepseek-r1-reinforcement-learning-reasoning.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.12948",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "DeepSeek-R1 model and technical release repository",
          "url": "https://github.com/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-R1",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2024-ramanujan-library",
      "slug": "ramanujan-library-integer-relations",
      "title": {
        "en": "Ramanujan Library reports automated discovery of new relations among mathematical constants",
        "zh-CN": "Ramanujan Library 报告自动发现数学常数之间的新关系"
      },
      "event_date": "2024-12-16",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "discovery",
        "infrastructure"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/ramanujan-library-integer-relations/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/ramanujan-library-integer-relations/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/ramanujan-library-integer-relations.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "The Ramanujan Library — Automated Discovery on the Hypergraph of Integer Relations",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.12361",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Ramanujan Library — The Hub for Mathematical Constants and Their Surprising Relations",
          "url": "https://ramanujanmachine.com/ramanujan-library-the-hub-for-mathematical-constants-and-their-surprising-relations/",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        },
        {
          "title": "LIReC — Library of Integer RElations and Constants",
          "url": "https://github.com/RamanujanMachine/LIReC",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        },
        {
          "title": "The Ramanujan Library — ICLR 2025 conference paper",
          "url": "https://proceedings.iclr.cc/paper_files/paper/2025/hash/6782c18960808848174cfe60742b415a-Abstract-Conference.html",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2024-frontiermath",
      "slug": "frontiermath-research-level-benchmark",
      "title": {
        "en": "FrontierMath introduces expert-crafted research-level mathematics evaluation",
        "zh-CN": "FrontierMath 引入专家构造的研究级数学评测"
      },
      "event_date": "2024-11-08",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "benchmark",
        "dataset"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "claimed",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/frontiermath-research-level-benchmark/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/frontiermath-research-level-benchmark/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/frontiermath-research-level-benchmark.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "FrontierMath: A benchmark for evaluating advanced mathematical reasoning in AI",
          "url": "https://epoch.ai/frontiermath/tiers-1-4/the-benchmark",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "benchmark"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2024-internlm-step-prover",
      "slug": "internlm-step-prover-expert-iteration",
      "title": {
        "en": "InternLM2.5-StepProver scales expert iteration over large Lean problem sets",
        "zh-CN": "InternLM2.5-StepProver 在大规模 Lean 问题集上扩展专家迭代"
      },
      "event_date": "2024-10-21",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "proof",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "machine_checked"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/internlm-step-prover-expert-iteration/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/internlm-step-prover-expert-iteration/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/internlm-step-prover-expert-iteration.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "InternLM2.5-StepProver: Advancing Automated Theorem Proving via Expert Iteration on Large-Scale LEAN Problems",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.15700",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "InternLM-Math repository containing StepProver release links and resources",
          "url": "https://github.com/InternLM/InternLM-Math",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2024-omni-math",
      "slug": "omni-math-olympiad-benchmark",
      "title": {
        "en": "Omni-MATH refreshes Olympiad evaluation after older math benchmarks begin saturating",
        "zh-CN": "Omni-MATH 在旧数学基准趋于饱和后更新奥赛级评测"
      },
      "event_date": "2024-10-10",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "benchmark",
        "dataset"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/omni-math-olympiad-benchmark/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/omni-math-olympiad-benchmark/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/omni-math-olympiad-benchmark.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Omni-MATH: A Universal Olympiad Level Mathematic Benchmark For Large Language Models",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.07985",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Official Omni-MATH benchmark repository",
          "url": "https://github.com/KbsdJames/Omni-MATH",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2024-leanagent",
      "slug": "leanagent-lifelong-theorem-proving",
      "title": {
        "en": "LeanAgent brings lifelong learning to theorem proving across evolving Lean repositories",
        "zh-CN": "LeanAgent 将终身学习引入持续演化 Lean 仓库的定理证明"
      },
      "event_date": "2024-10-08",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "proof",
        "system",
        "infrastructure"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "machine_checked"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/leanagent-lifelong-theorem-proving/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/leanagent-lifelong-theorem-proving/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/leanagent-lifelong-theorem-proving.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "LeanAgent: Lifelong Learning for Formal Theorem Proving",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.06209",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "LeanAgent implementation and reproduction repository",
          "url": "https://github.com/lean-dojo/LeanAgent",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        },
        {
          "title": "LeanAgent — ICLR 2025 conference paper",
          "url": "https://proceedings.iclr.cc/paper_files/paper/2025/hash/b67c77f8db8b991d73d6f2e16f491840-Abstract-Conference.html",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2024-gsm-symbolic",
      "slug": "gsm-symbolic-robustness-benchmark",
      "title": {
        "en": "GSM-Symbolic exposes robustness failures behind high math-reasoning benchmark scores",
        "zh-CN": "GSM-Symbolic 揭示高数学推理基准分数背后的鲁棒性缺陷"
      },
      "event_date": "2024-10-07",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "benchmark",
        "dataset"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/gsm-symbolic-robustness-benchmark/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/gsm-symbolic-robustness-benchmark/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/gsm-symbolic-robustness-benchmark.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "GSM-Symbolic: Understanding the Limitations of Mathematical Reasoning in Large Language Models",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2410.05229",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "GSM-Symbolic — Apple Machine Learning Research",
          "url": "https://machinelearning.apple.com/research/gsm-symbolic",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        },
        {
          "title": "GSM-Symbolic templates and generated data",
          "url": "https://github.com/apple/ml-gsm-symbolic",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2024-openai-o1",
      "slug": "openai-o1-reasoning-aime",
      "title": {
        "en": "OpenAI o1 introduces inference-time reasoning with a large AIME performance jump",
        "zh-CN": "OpenAI o1 以推理时思考带来 AIME 能力跃升"
      },
      "event_date": "2024-09-12",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-10",
      "event_types": [
        "system",
        "benchmark"
      ],
      "significance": "H3",
      "verification": {
        "status": "claimed",
        "evidence_level": "E1",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/openai-o1-reasoning-aime/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/openai-o1-reasoning-aime/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/openai-o1-reasoning-aime.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Learning to reason with LLMs",
          "url": "https://openai.com/index/learning-to-reason-with-llms/",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2024-deepseek-prover-v1-5",
      "slug": "deepseek-prover-v1-5-lean-proof-search",
      "title": {
        "en": "DeepSeek-Prover-V1.5 combines proof-assistant feedback, reinforcement learning and tree search",
        "zh-CN": "DeepSeek-Prover-V1.5 结合证明助手反馈、强化学习与树搜索"
      },
      "event_date": "2024-08-15",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-10",
      "event_types": [
        "system",
        "proof",
        "formalization"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "machine_checked"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/deepseek-prover-v1-5-lean-proof-search/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/deepseek-prover-v1-5-lean-proof-search/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/deepseek-prover-v1-5-lean-proof-search.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "DeepSeek-Prover-V1.5: Harnessing Proof Assistant Feedback for Reinforcement Learning and Monte-Carlo Tree Search",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.08152",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "DeepSeek-Prover-V1.5 repository",
          "url": "https://github.com/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-Prover-V1.5",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2024-minictx",
      "slug": "minictx-long-context-theorem-proving",
      "title": {
        "en": "miniCTX tests theorem provers on long, unseen project context",
        "zh-CN": "miniCTX 测试定理证明器使用长篇、未见项目上下文的能力"
      },
      "event_date": "2024-08-05",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "benchmark",
        "dataset",
        "infrastructure"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/minictx-long-context-theorem-proving/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/minictx-long-context-theorem-proving/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/minictx-long-context-theorem-proving.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "miniCTX: Neural Theorem Proving with (Long-)Contexts",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2408.03350",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "miniCTX evaluation repository",
          "url": "https://github.com/cmu-l3/minictx-eval",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2024-ai-for-math-icml",
      "slug": "ai-for-math-icml-workshop-series",
      "title": {
        "en": "AI for Math @ ICML establishes a recurring AI4Math workshop series",
        "zh-CN": "AI for Math @ ICML 建立持续性的 AI4Math workshop 系列"
      },
      "event_date": "2024-07-26",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-14",
      "event_types": [
        "field_building"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "claimed",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/ai-for-math-icml-workshop-series/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/ai-for-math-icml-workshop-series/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/ai-for-math-icml-workshop-series.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "ICML 2024 Schedule — AI for Math Workshop",
          "url": "https://icml.cc/virtual/2024/calendar",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2024-alphaproof-alphageometry2-imo",
      "slug": "alphaproof-alphageometry2-imo-2024",
      "title": {
        "en": "AlphaProof and AlphaGeometry 2 reach silver-medal standard on IMO 2024 problems",
        "zh-CN": "AlphaProof 与 AlphaGeometry 2 在 IMO 2024 题目上达到银牌标准"
      },
      "event_date": "2024-07-25",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-10",
      "event_types": [
        "competition",
        "proof",
        "formalization",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H1",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "machine_checked"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/alphaproof-alphageometry2-imo-2024/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/alphaproof-alphageometry2-imo-2024/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/alphaproof-alphageometry2-imo-2024.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "AI achieves silver-medal standard solving International Mathematical Olympiad problems",
          "url": "https://deepmind.google/blog/ai-solves-imo-problems-at-silver-medal-level/",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        },
        {
          "title": "Olympiad-level formal mathematical reasoning with reinforcement learning",
          "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-025-09833-y",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2024-putnambench",
      "slug": "putnambench-formal-undergraduate-competition",
      "title": {
        "en": "PutnamBench raises formal theorem-proving evaluation to Putnam-level mathematics",
        "zh-CN": "PutnamBench 将形式定理证明评测提升到 Putnam 级本科数学"
      },
      "event_date": "2024-07-15",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "benchmark",
        "dataset",
        "formalization"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/putnambench-formal-undergraduate-competition/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/putnambench-formal-undergraduate-competition/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/putnambench-formal-undergraduate-competition.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "PutnamBench: Evaluating Neural Theorem-Provers on the Putnam Mathematical Competition",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.11214",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "PutnamBench formal benchmark repository",
          "url": "https://github.com/trishullab/PutnamBench",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2024-lean-star",
      "slug": "lean-star-thinking-and-proving",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lean-STaR trains theorem provers to interleave informal thinking with Lean tactics",
        "zh-CN": "Lean-STaR 训练定理证明器交替执行非形式思考与 Lean tactic"
      },
      "event_date": "2024-07-14",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-10",
      "event_types": [
        "proof",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "machine_checked"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/lean-star-thinking-and-proving/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/lean-star-thinking-and-proving/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/lean-star-thinking-and-proving.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Lean-STaR: Learning to Interleave Thinking and Proving",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.10040",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2024-numinamath-aimo",
      "slug": "numinamath-aimo-progress-prize",
      "title": {
        "en": "NuminaMath wins the first AIMO Progress Prize with an open tool-using math model",
        "zh-CN": "NuminaMath 以开放工具型数学模型赢得首届 AIMO Progress Prize"
      },
      "event_date": "2024-07-11",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "competition",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "partially_verified",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/numinamath-aimo-progress-prize/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/numinamath-aimo-progress-prize/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/numinamath-aimo-progress-prize.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "How NuminaMath Won the 1st AIMO Progress Prize",
          "url": "https://huggingface.co/blog/winning-aimo-progress-prize",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        },
        {
          "title": "Numina solution to the first AIMO Progress Prize",
          "url": "https://github.com/project-numina/aimo-progress-prize",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2024-lean-workbook",
      "slug": "lean-workbook-synthetic-formalization-dataset",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lean Workbook releases a large formal-informal mathematics dataset",
        "zh-CN": "Lean Workbook 发布大规模形式—非形式数学数据集"
      },
      "event_date": "2024-06-06",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "dataset",
        "formalization",
        "infrastructure"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/lean-workbook-synthetic-formalization-dataset/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/lean-workbook-synthetic-formalization-dataset/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/lean-workbook-synthetic-formalization-dataset.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Lean Workbook: A large-scale Lean problem set formalized from natural language math problems",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.03847",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Lean Workbook dataset release",
          "url": "https://huggingface.co/datasets/internlm/Lean-Workbook",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "dataset"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2024-deepseek-prover-v1",
      "slug": "deepseek-prover-synthetic-lean-data",
      "title": {
        "en": "DeepSeek-Prover scales Lean theorem proving with millions of synthetic formal statements",
        "zh-CN": "DeepSeek-Prover 用数百万合成形式命题扩展 Lean 定理证明"
      },
      "event_date": "2024-05-23",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-10",
      "event_types": [
        "proof",
        "system",
        "dataset"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "machine_checked"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/deepseek-prover-synthetic-lean-data/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/deepseek-prover-synthetic-lean-data/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/deepseek-prover-synthetic-lean-data.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "DeepSeek-Prover: Advancing Theorem Proving in LLMs through Large-Scale Synthetic Data",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2405.14333",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2024-olympiadbench",
      "slug": "olympiadbench-bilingual-multimodal",
      "title": {
        "en": "OlympiadBench scales Olympiad-level evaluation to bilingual multimodal science",
        "zh-CN": "OlympiadBench 将奥赛级评测扩展到双语多模态科学问题"
      },
      "event_date": "2024-02-21",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "benchmark",
        "dataset"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/olympiadbench-bilingual-multimodal/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/olympiadbench-bilingual-multimodal/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/olympiadbench-bilingual-multimodal.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "OlympiadBench: A Challenging Benchmark for Promoting AGI with Olympiad-Level Bilingual Multimodal Scientific Problems",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.14008",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "OlympiadBench dataset and evaluation repository",
          "url": "https://github.com/OpenBMB/OlympiadBench",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2024-internlm-math",
      "slug": "internlm-math-verifiable-reasoning",
      "title": {
        "en": "InternLM-Math unifies informal, tool-assisted and formal mathematical reasoning",
        "zh-CN": "InternLM-Math 统一非形式、工具辅助与形式数学推理"
      },
      "event_date": "2024-02-09",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/internlm-math-verifiable-reasoning/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/internlm-math-verifiable-reasoning/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/internlm-math-verifiable-reasoning.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "InternLM-Math: Open Math Large Language Models Toward Verifiable Reasoning",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.06332",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "InternLM-Math models, evaluation code and formal-math resources",
          "url": "https://github.com/InternLM/InternLM-Math",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2024-deepseekmath",
      "slug": "deepseekmath-grpo-open-math-model",
      "title": {
        "en": "DeepSeekMath couples large-scale math pretraining with GRPO",
        "zh-CN": "DeepSeekMath 将大规模数学预训练与 GRPO 结合"
      },
      "event_date": "2024-02-05",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/deepseekmath-grpo-open-math-model/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/deepseekmath-grpo-open-math-model/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/deepseekmath-grpo-open-math-model.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "DeepSeekMath: Pushing the Limits of Mathematical Reasoning in Open Language Models",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.03300",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "DeepSeekMath code, evaluation and model release repository",
          "url": "https://github.com/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-Math",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2024-alphageometry",
      "slug": "alphageometry-olympiad-geometry",
      "title": {
        "en": "AlphaGeometry reaches near gold-medallist performance on olympiad geometry benchmark",
        "zh-CN": "AlphaGeometry 在奥林匹克几何基准上达到接近金牌选手的表现"
      },
      "event_date": "2024-01-17",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-10",
      "event_types": [
        "proof",
        "system",
        "benchmark"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/alphageometry-olympiad-geometry/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/alphageometry-olympiad-geometry/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/alphageometry-olympiad-geometry.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Solving olympiad geometry without human demonstrations",
          "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06747-5",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "google-deepmind/alphageometry",
          "url": "https://github.com/google-deepmind/alphageometry",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2023-funsearch-cap-set",
      "slug": "funsearch-mathematical-discovery",
      "title": {
        "en": "FunSearch reports new cap-set constructions with LLM-guided program search",
        "zh-CN": "FunSearch 通过 LLM 引导的程序搜索报告新的 cap set 构造"
      },
      "event_date": "2023-12-14",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-10",
      "event_types": [
        "discovery",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H1",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/funsearch-mathematical-discovery/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/funsearch-mathematical-discovery/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/funsearch-mathematical-discovery.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Mathematical discoveries from program search with large language models",
          "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06924-6",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2023-math-shepherd",
      "slug": "math-shepherd-process-reward-model",
      "title": {
        "en": "Math-Shepherd automates step-level process supervision for math reasoning",
        "zh-CN": "Math-Shepherd 自动化数学推理的步骤级过程监督"
      },
      "event_date": "2023-12-14",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-10",
      "event_types": [
        "system",
        "dataset"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/math-shepherd-process-reward-model/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/math-shepherd-process-reward-model/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/math-shepherd-process-reward-model.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Math-Shepherd: Verify and Reinforce LLMs Step-by-step without Human Annotations",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.08935",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2023-llemma",
      "slug": "llemma-open-math-language-model",
      "title": {
        "en": "Llemma releases open language models and data specialized for mathematics",
        "zh-CN": "Llemma 发布面向数学的开放语言模型与训练数据"
      },
      "event_date": "2023-10-16",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "system",
        "dataset"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/llemma-open-math-language-model/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/llemma-open-math-language-model/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/llemma-open-math-language-model.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Llemma: An Open Language Model For Mathematics",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.10631",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Llemma models, Proof-Pile-2 data and training code repository",
          "url": "https://github.com/EleutherAI/math-lm",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2023-copra",
      "slug": "copra-in-context-formal-proof-agent",
      "title": {
        "en": "COPRA turns a general LLM into a stateful formal proof-search agent",
        "zh-CN": "COPRA 将通用大模型转化为有状态的形式证明搜索 Agent"
      },
      "event_date": "2023-10-06",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-10",
      "event_types": [
        "system",
        "formalization",
        "proof"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/copra-in-context-formal-proof-agent/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/copra-in-context-formal-proof-agent/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/copra-in-context-formal-proof-agent.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "An In-Context Learning Agent for Formal Theorem-Proving",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.04353",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "COPRA repository",
          "url": "https://github.com/trishullab/copra",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2023-mathvista",
      "slug": "mathvista-visual-math-benchmark",
      "title": {
        "en": "MathVista establishes a benchmark for mathematical reasoning in visual contexts",
        "zh-CN": "MathVista 建立视觉场景中的数学推理评测基准"
      },
      "event_date": "2023-10-03",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "benchmark",
        "dataset"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/mathvista-visual-math-benchmark/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/mathvista-visual-math-benchmark/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/mathvista-visual-math-benchmark.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "MathVista: Evaluating Mathematical Reasoning of Foundation Models in Visual Contexts",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.02255",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "MathVista project page",
          "url": "https://mathvista.github.io/",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "other"
        },
        {
          "title": "MathVista benchmark repository",
          "url": "https://github.com/lupantech/MathVista",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2023-lego-prover",
      "slug": "lego-prover-growing-library",
      "title": {
        "en": "LEGO-Prover grows a reusable library of machine-checked lemmas during proof search",
        "zh-CN": "LEGO-Prover 在证明过程中持续扩展可复用的机器检查引理库"
      },
      "event_date": "2023-10-01",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "proof",
        "system",
        "infrastructure"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/lego-prover-growing-library/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/lego-prover-growing-library/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/lego-prover-growing-library.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "LEGO-Prover: Neural Theorem Proving with Growing Libraries",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.00656",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "LEGO-Prover implementation and generated skills",
          "url": "https://github.com/wiio12/LEGO-Prover",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        },
        {
          "title": "LEGO-Prover: Neural Theorem Proving with Growing Libraries",
          "url": "https://proceedings.iclr.cc/paper_files/paper/2024/hash/85dca46374dc0f27b4bb5f265b3d17f0-Abstract-Conference.html",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2023-tora",
      "slug": "tora-tool-integrated-math-reasoning",
      "title": {
        "en": "ToRA makes tool-integrated reasoning a competitive open math-agent paradigm",
        "zh-CN": "ToRA 将工具集成推理推进为有竞争力的开放数学 Agent 范式"
      },
      "event_date": "2023-09-29",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/tora-tool-integrated-math-reasoning/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/tora-tool-integrated-math-reasoning/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/tora-tool-integrated-math-reasoning.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "ToRA: A Tool-Integrated Reasoning Agent for Mathematical Problem Solving",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.17452",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "ToRA training, inference and evaluation repository",
          "url": "https://github.com/microsoft/ToRA",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2023-ams-ai-advisory",
      "slug": "ams-ai-advisory-group",
      "title": {
        "en": "AMS establishes an AI advisory group for the mathematical community",
        "zh-CN": "AMS 建立面向数学共同体的 AI 咨询组"
      },
      "event_date": "2023-07-10",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-14",
      "event_types": [
        "field_building"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "claimed",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/ams-ai-advisory-group/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/ams-ai-advisory-group/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/ams-ai-advisory-group.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Using Generative AI for Mathematics and Science",
          "url": "https://www.ams.org/notices/202401/rnoti-p93.pdf",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        },
        {
          "title": "AMS Advisory Group on Artificial Intelligence and the Mathematical Community",
          "url": "https://www.ams.org/about-us/governance/committees/artificial-intelligence",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2023-leandojo",
      "slug": "leandojo-retrieval-augmented-theorem-proving",
      "title": {
        "en": "LeanDojo opens a reproducible environment for LLM theorem proving in Lean",
        "zh-CN": "LeanDojo 建立可复现的 Lean 大模型定理证明环境"
      },
      "event_date": "2023-06-27",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "infrastructure",
        "dataset",
        "system",
        "formalization"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/leandojo-retrieval-augmented-theorem-proving/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/leandojo-retrieval-augmented-theorem-proving/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/leandojo-retrieval-augmented-theorem-proving.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "LeanDojo: Theorem Proving with Retrieval-Augmented Language Models",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.15626",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "LeanDojo repository",
          "url": "https://github.com/lean-dojo/LeanDojo",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2023-alphadev",
      "slug": "alphadev-sorting-algorithms",
      "title": {
        "en": "AlphaDev discovers faster sorting algorithms with deep reinforcement learning",
        "zh-CN": "AlphaDev 使用深度强化学习发现更快的排序算法"
      },
      "event_date": "2023-06-07",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "discovery",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/alphadev-sorting-algorithms/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/alphadev-sorting-algorithms/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/alphadev-sorting-algorithms.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Faster sorting algorithms discovered using deep reinforcement learning",
          "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06004-9",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "AlphaDev accompanying repository",
          "url": "https://github.com/google-deepmind/alphadev",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2023-process-supervision-prm800k",
      "slug": "process-supervision-prm800k",
      "title": {
        "en": "Process supervision and PRM800K establish step-level verification for math reasoning",
        "zh-CN": "过程监督与 PRM800K 建立数学推理的步骤级验证路线"
      },
      "event_date": "2023-05-31",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "system",
        "dataset"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/process-supervision-prm800k/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/process-supervision-prm800k/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/process-supervision-prm800k.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Let's Verify Step by Step",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.20050",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Improving mathematical reasoning with process supervision",
          "url": "https://openai.com/index/improving-mathematical-reasoning-with-process-supervision/",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        },
        {
          "title": "PRM800K process supervision dataset",
          "url": "https://github.com/openai/prm800k",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2023-baldur",
      "slug": "baldur-whole-proof-generation-repair",
      "title": {
        "en": "Baldur generates and repairs whole formal proofs with language models",
        "zh-CN": "Baldur 使用语言模型生成并修复完整形式证明"
      },
      "event_date": "2023-03-08",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "proof",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/baldur-whole-proof-generation-repair/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/baldur-whole-proof-generation-repair/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/baldur-whole-proof-generation-repair.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Baldur: Whole-Proof Generation and Repair with Large Language Models",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.04910",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Baldur: Whole-Proof Generation and Repair with Large Language Models",
          "url": "https://2023.esec-fse.org/details/fse-2023-research-papers/2/Baldur-Whole-Proof-Generation-and-Repair-with-Large-Language-Models",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "other"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2023-proofnet",
      "slug": "proofnet-autoformalization-benchmark",
      "title": {
        "en": "ProofNet benchmarks autoformalization and proving of undergraduate mathematics",
        "zh-CN": "ProofNet 建立本科数学自动形式化与形式证明基准"
      },
      "event_date": "2023-02-24",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-14",
      "event_types": [
        "benchmark",
        "dataset",
        "formalization"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/proofnet-autoformalization-benchmark/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/proofnet-autoformalization-benchmark/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/proofnet-autoformalization-benchmark.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "ProofNet: Autoformalizing and Formally Proving Undergraduate-Level Mathematics",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.12433",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "ProofNet benchmark and replication repository",
          "url": "https://github.com/zhangir-azerbayev/ProofNet",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2022-draft-sketch-prove",
      "slug": "draft-sketch-prove-informal-guidance",
      "title": {
        "en": "Draft, Sketch, and Prove uses informal proofs to guide formal proof search",
        "zh-CN": "Draft, Sketch, and Prove 用非形式证明引导形式证明搜索"
      },
      "event_date": "2022-10-21",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "formalization",
        "proof",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "machine_checked"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/draft-sketch-prove-informal-guidance/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/draft-sketch-prove-informal-guidance/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/draft-sketch-prove-informal-guidance.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Draft, Sketch, and Prove: Guiding Formal Theorem Provers with Informal Proofs",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2210.12283",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Draft, Sketch, and Prove implementation and result artifacts",
          "url": "https://github.com/albertqjiang/draft_sketch_prove",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2022-alphatensor",
      "slug": "alphatensor-matrix-multiplication-algorithms",
      "title": {
        "en": "AlphaTensor discovers improved matrix multiplication algorithms",
        "zh-CN": "AlphaTensor 发现改进的矩阵乘法算法"
      },
      "event_date": "2022-10-05",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-10",
      "event_types": [
        "discovery",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H1",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/alphatensor-matrix-multiplication-algorithms/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/alphatensor-matrix-multiplication-algorithms/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/alphatensor-matrix-multiplication-algorithms.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Discovering faster matrix multiplication algorithms with reinforcement learning",
          "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05172-4",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "AlphaTensor accompanying repository",
          "url": "https://github.com/google-deepmind/alphatensor",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2022-minerva",
      "slug": "minerva-quantitative-reasoning-language-model",
      "title": {
        "en": "Minerva demonstrates large-scale language-model gains on quantitative reasoning",
        "zh-CN": "Minerva 展示大语言模型在定量推理上的规模化提升"
      },
      "event_date": "2022-06-29",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-10",
      "event_types": [
        "system",
        "benchmark"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/minerva-quantitative-reasoning-language-model/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/minerva-quantitative-reasoning-language-model/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/minerva-quantitative-reasoning-language-model.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Solving Quantitative Reasoning Problems with Language Models",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2206.14858",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Minerva: Solving Quantitative Reasoning Problems with Language Models",
          "url": "https://research.google/blog/minerva-solving-quantitative-reasoning-problems-with-language-models/",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2022-autoformalization-llm",
      "slug": "autoformalization-large-language-models",
      "title": {
        "en": "Large language models show practical progress on mathematical autoformalization",
        "zh-CN": "大语言模型在数学自动形式化上展示实用进展"
      },
      "event_date": "2022-05-25",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "formalization",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/autoformalization-large-language-models/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/autoformalization-large-language-models/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/autoformalization-large-language-models.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Autoformalization with Large Language Models",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.12615",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Autoformalization with Large Language Models — NeurIPS 2022",
          "url": "https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper_files/paper/2022/hash/d0c6bc641a56bebee9d985b937307367-Abstract-Conference.html",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Autoformalization with Large Language Models",
          "url": "https://research.google/pubs/autoformalization-with-large-language-models/",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2022-naturalprover",
      "slug": "naturalprover-grounded-proof-generation",
      "title": {
        "en": "NaturalProver grounds language-model proof generation in mathematical references",
        "zh-CN": "NaturalProver 以数学参考资料约束语言模型证明生成"
      },
      "event_date": "2022-05-25",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "proof",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/naturalprover-grounded-proof-generation/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/naturalprover-grounded-proof-generation/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/naturalprover-grounded-proof-generation.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "NaturalProver: Grounded Mathematical Proof Generation with Language Models",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.12910",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "NaturalProver: Grounded Mathematical Proof Generation with Language Models — NeurIPS 2022",
          "url": "https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper_files/paper/2022/hash/1fc548a8243ad06616eee731e0572927-Abstract-Conference.html",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "NaturalProver code, data, evaluation and model repository",
          "url": "https://github.com/wellecks/naturalprover",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2022-htps",
      "slug": "hypertree-proof-search",
      "title": {
        "en": "HyperTree Proof Search introduces online self-improvement for neural theorem proving",
        "zh-CN": "HyperTree Proof Search 引入神经定理证明的在线自我改进"
      },
      "event_date": "2022-05-23",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "proof",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "machine_checked"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/hypertree-proof-search/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/hypertree-proof-search/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/hypertree-proof-search.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "HyperTree Proof Search for Neural Theorem Proving",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.11491",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Evariste code accompanying HyperTree Proof Search",
          "url": "https://github.com/facebookresearch/Evariste",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2022-thor",
      "slug": "thor-language-model-hammer-integration",
      "title": {
        "en": "Thor integrates language models with automated theorem-prover hammers",
        "zh-CN": "Thor 将语言模型与自动定理证明器 Hammer 集成"
      },
      "event_date": "2022-05-22",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-10",
      "event_types": [
        "proof",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/thor-language-model-hammer-integration/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/thor-language-model-hammer-integration/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/thor-language-model-hammer-integration.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Thor: Wielding Hammers to Integrate Language Models and Automated Theorem Provers",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2205.10893",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2022-statement-curriculum-learning",
      "slug": "lean-statement-curriculum-learning",
      "title": {
        "en": "OpenAI's Lean prover uses expert iteration to solve formal Olympiad problems",
        "zh-CN": "OpenAI Lean 证明器通过专家迭代求解形式化奥赛题"
      },
      "event_date": "2022-02-02",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-10",
      "event_types": [
        "proof",
        "system",
        "competition"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "machine_checked"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/lean-statement-curriculum-learning/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/lean-statement-curriculum-learning/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/lean-statement-curriculum-learning.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Solving (some) formal math olympiad problems",
          "url": "https://openai.com/index/formal-math/",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2021-her-prover",
      "slug": "her-incremental-first-order-theorem-prover",
      "title": {
        "en": "Incremental learning and hindsight replay reduce handcrafted guidance in first-order theorem proving",
        "zh-CN": "增量学习与 hindsight replay 减少一阶定理证明中的手工搜索启发式"
      },
      "event_date": "2021-12-20",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "proof",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/her-incremental-first-order-theorem-prover/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/her-incremental-first-order-theorem-prover/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/her-incremental-first-order-theorem-prover.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Proving Theorems using Incremental Learning and Hindsight Experience Replay",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2112.10664",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Proving Theorems using Incremental Learning and Hindsight Experience Replay",
          "url": "https://proceedings.mlr.press/v162/aygun22a.html",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2021-deepmind-math-discovery",
      "slug": "deepmind-ml-guided-pure-math-discovery",
      "title": {
        "en": "DeepMind and mathematicians use machine learning to guide new discoveries in pure mathematics",
        "zh-CN": "DeepMind 与数学家利用机器学习引导纯数学新发现"
      },
      "event_date": "2021-12-01",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "discovery",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H1",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/deepmind-ml-guided-pure-math-discovery/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/deepmind-ml-guided-pure-math-discovery/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/deepmind-ml-guided-pure-math-discovery.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
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          "title": "Advancing mathematics by guiding human intuition with AI",
          "url": "https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-021-04086-x",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "The signature and cusp geometry of hyperbolic knots",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.15323",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Towards combinatorial invariance for Kazhdan-Lusztig polynomials",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2111.15161",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Exploring the beauty of pure mathematics in novel ways",
          "url": "https://deepmind.google/blog/exploring-the-beauty-of-pure-mathematics-in-novel-ways/",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        },
        {
          "title": "DeepMind mathematics conjectures notebooks and datasets",
          "url": "https://github.com/google-deepmind/mathematics_conjectures",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2021-gsm8k",
      "slug": "gsm8k-verifier-math-reasoning",
      "title": {
        "en": "GSM8K and learned verifiers establish a durable benchmark for language-model math reasoning",
        "zh-CN": "GSM8K 与学习式验证器建立语言模型数学推理的长期基准"
      },
      "event_date": "2021-10-27",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
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        "system"
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      "significance": "H2",
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        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
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        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/gsm8k-verifier-math-reasoning/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/gsm8k-verifier-math-reasoning/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/gsm8k-verifier-math-reasoning.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Training Verifiers to Solve Math Word Problems",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2110.14168",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Solving math word problems",
          "url": "https://openai.com/index/solving-math-word-problems/",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        },
        {
          "title": "OpenAI Grade School Math dataset and example code",
          "url": "https://github.com/openai/grade-school-math",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2021-minif2f",
      "slug": "minif2f-formal-olympiad-benchmark",
      "title": {
        "en": "miniF2F establishes a cross-system benchmark for formal Olympiad mathematics",
        "zh-CN": "miniF2F 建立跨形式系统的奥赛数学基准"
      },
      "event_date": "2021-08-31",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-10",
      "event_types": [
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        "dataset",
        "infrastructure",
        "formalization"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
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        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
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      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "MiniF2F: a cross-system benchmark for formal Olympiad-level mathematics",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.00110",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "OpenAI miniF2F repository",
          "url": "https://github.com/openai/miniF2F",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "benchmark"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2021-math-ai-workshop",
      "slug": "math-ai-workshop-series",
      "title": {
        "en": "MATH-AI begins a recurring workshop series on mathematical reasoning and AI",
        "zh-CN": "MATH-AI 开启数学推理与 AI 的持续性 workshop 系列"
      },
      "event_date": "2021-05-07",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-14",
      "event_types": [
        "field_building"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "claimed",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
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        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/math-ai-workshop-series.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "MATH-AI: The Role of Mathematical Reasoning in General Artificial Intelligence",
          "url": "https://mathai-iclr.github.io/",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        },
        {
          "title": "MATH-AI ICLR 2021 Call for Papers",
          "url": "https://mathai-iclr.github.io/cfp/",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2021-math-benchmark",
      "slug": "math-competition-problem-benchmark",
      "title": {
        "en": "MATH makes competition mathematics a standard language-model benchmark",
        "zh-CN": "MATH 将竞赛数学确立为语言模型标准基准之一"
      },
      "event_date": "2021-03-05",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "benchmark",
        "dataset"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
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        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/math-competition-problem-benchmark/",
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      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Measuring Mathematical Problem Solving With the MATH Dataset",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2103.03874",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "MATH dataset repository and evaluation code",
          "url": "https://github.com/hendrycks/math",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2021-tacticzero",
      "slug": "tacticzero-deep-rl-theorem-proving",
      "title": {
        "en": "TacticZero learns interactive theorem proving from scratch with deep reinforcement learning",
        "zh-CN": "TacticZero 以深度强化学习从零学习交互式定理证明"
      },
      "event_date": "2021-02-19",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "proof",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "machine_checked"
      },
      "urls": {
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      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "TacticZero: Learning to Prove Theorems from Scratch with Deep Reinforcement Learning",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.09756",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "TacticZero: Learning to Prove Theorems from Scratch with Deep Reinforcement Learning",
          "url": "https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2021/hash/4dea382d82666332fb564f2e711cbc71-Abstract.html",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2021-pact",
      "slug": "pact-proof-artifact-cotraining",
      "title": {
        "en": "PACT uses proof artifacts to scale language-model theorem proving",
        "zh-CN": "PACT 利用证明产物扩展语言模型定理证明"
      },
      "event_date": "2021-02-11",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "proof",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
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        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/pact-proof-artifact-cotraining.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Proof Artifact Co-training for Theorem Proving with Language Models",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.06203",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "PACT LeanStep proof-artifact extraction code",
          "url": "https://github.com/jesse-michael-han/lean-step-public",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2020-gpt-f",
      "slug": "gpt-f-metamath-theorem-proving",
      "title": {
        "en": "GPT-f brings generative language modeling to formal theorem proving",
        "zh-CN": "GPT-f 将生成式语言模型引入形式定理证明"
      },
      "event_date": "2020-09-07",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-10",
      "event_types": [
        "proof",
        "formalization",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "machine_checked"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/gpt-f-metamath-theorem-proving/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/gpt-f-metamath-theorem-proving/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/gpt-f-metamath-theorem-proving.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Generative language modeling for automated theorem proving",
          "url": "https://openai.com/index/generative-language-modeling-for-automated-theorem-proving/",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        },
        {
          "title": "Generative Language Modeling for Automated Theorem Proving",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2009.03393",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2020-tactician",
      "slug": "tactician-coq-tactic-learning",
      "title": {
        "en": "Tactician integrates adaptive tactic learning and proof synthesis into Coq",
        "zh-CN": "Tactician 将自适应 tactic 学习与证明合成直接集成进 Coq"
      },
      "event_date": "2020-07-31",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "proof",
        "system",
        "infrastructure"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
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        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
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      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "The Tactician (extended version): A Seamless, Interactive Tactic Learner and Prover for Coq",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2008.00120",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "The Tactician: A Seamless, Interactive Tactic Learner and Prover for Coq — CICM 2020",
          "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53518-6_17",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Tactician Coq plugin and prover repository",
          "url": "https://github.com/coq-tactician/coq-tactician",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2020-int",
      "slug": "int-generalization-theorem-proving",
      "title": {
        "en": "INT makes systematic generalization a first-class theorem-proving benchmark",
        "zh-CN": "INT 将系统化泛化能力确立为定理证明基准的核心对象"
      },
      "event_date": "2020-07-06",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-11",
      "event_types": [
        "benchmark",
        "infrastructure"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
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        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/int-generalization-theorem-proving.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "INT: An Inequality Benchmark for Evaluating Generalization in Theorem Proving",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2007.02924",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "INT: An Inequality Benchmark for Evaluating Generalization in Theorem Proving — ICLR 2021",
          "url": "https://openreview.net/forum?id=O6LPudowNQm",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "INT theorem-proving benchmark and environment",
          "url": "https://github.com/albertqjiang/INT",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2020-isarstep",
      "slug": "isarstep-high-level-reasoning",
      "title": {
        "en": "IsarStep benchmarks high-level mathematical reasoning from human-written Isabelle proofs",
        "zh-CN": "IsarStep 以人工 Isabelle 证明建立高层数学推理基准"
      },
      "event_date": "2020-06-13",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "benchmark",
        "dataset"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
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        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/isarstep-high-level-reasoning/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/isarstep-high-level-reasoning.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "IsarStep: a Benchmark for High-level Mathematical Reasoning",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.09265",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "IsarStep: a Benchmark for High-level Mathematical Reasoning — ICLR 2021",
          "url": "https://openreview.net/forum?id=Pzj6fzU6wkj",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "IsarStep code, dataset and HAT resources",
          "url": "https://github.com/Wenda302/IsarStep",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2020-skip-tree",
      "slug": "skip-tree-self-supervised-math",
      "title": {
        "en": "Skip-tree training brings structure-aware self-supervision to formal mathematical reasoning",
        "zh-CN": "Skip-tree 将结构感知的自监督训练引入形式数学推理"
      },
      "event_date": "2020-06-08",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "system",
        "infrastructure"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/skip-tree-self-supervised-math/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/skip-tree-self-supervised-math/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/skip-tree-self-supervised-math.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Mathematical Reasoning via Self-supervised Skip-tree Training",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.04757",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Mathematical Reasoning via Self-supervised Skip-tree Training — ICLR 2021",
          "url": "https://openreview.net/forum?id=YmqAnY0CMEy",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2020-nl-premise-selection",
      "slug": "natural-language-premise-selection",
      "title": {
        "en": "Natural-language premise selection turns mathematical reference retrieval into a benchmark task",
        "zh-CN": "自然语言前提选择将数学参考资料检索转化为基准任务"
      },
      "event_date": "2020-04-30",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "benchmark",
        "dataset"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/natural-language-premise-selection/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/natural-language-premise-selection/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/natural-language-premise-selection.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Natural Language Premise Selection: Finding Supporting Statements for Mathematical Text",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.14959",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Natural Language Premise Selection: Finding Supporting Statements for Mathematical Text — LREC 2020",
          "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2020.lrec-1.266/",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Premise Selection in Natural Language Mathematical Texts — ACL 2020",
          "url": "https://aclanthology.org/2020.acl-main.657/",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "PS-ProofWiki dataset generation and baseline repository",
          "url": "https://github.com/debymf/nl-ps",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2020-metagen",
      "slug": "metagen-synthetic-theorem-generation",
      "title": {
        "en": "MetaGen learns to generate synthetic theorems and proofs for theorem-prover training",
        "zh-CN": "MetaGen 学习生成合成定理与证明，用于训练定理证明器"
      },
      "event_date": "2020-02-17",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "proof",
        "system",
        "infrastructure"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/metagen-synthetic-theorem-generation/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/metagen-synthetic-theorem-generation/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/metagen-synthetic-theorem-generation.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Learning to Prove Theorems by Learning to Generate Theorems",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2002.07019",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Learning to Prove Theorems by Learning to Generate Theorems — NeurIPS 2020",
          "url": "https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2020/hash/d2a27e83d429f0dcae6b937cf440aeb1-Abstract.html",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "MetaGen code and reproduction repository",
          "url": "https://github.com/princeton-vl/MetaGen",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2019-coqgym",
      "slug": "coqgym-astactic-theorem-proving",
      "title": {
        "en": "CoqGym and ASTactic scale learning-based interaction with the Coq proof assistant",
        "zh-CN": "CoqGym 与 ASTactic 扩展基于学习的 Coq 交互式定理证明"
      },
      "event_date": "2019-05-21",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "system",
        "benchmark",
        "dataset",
        "infrastructure"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "machine_checked"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/coqgym-astactic-theorem-proving/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/coqgym-astactic-theorem-proving/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/coqgym-astactic-theorem-proving.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Learning to Prove Theorems via Interacting with Proof Assistants",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1905.09381",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Learning to Prove Theorems via Interacting with Proof Assistants — ICML 2019",
          "url": "https://proceedings.mlr.press/v97/yang19a.html",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "CoqGym learning environment and ASTactic implementation",
          "url": "https://github.com/princeton-vl/CoqGym",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2019-holist",
      "slug": "holist-deephol-theorem-proving",
      "title": {
        "en": "HOList and DeepHOL open a reinforcement-learning environment for higher-order theorem proving",
        "zh-CN": "HOList 与 DeepHOL 建立高阶逻辑强化学习定理证明环境"
      },
      "event_date": "2019-04-05",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "system",
        "benchmark",
        "infrastructure"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "machine_checked"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/holist-deephol-theorem-proving/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/holist-deephol-theorem-proving/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/holist-deephol-theorem-proving.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "HOList: An Environment for Machine Learning of Higher-Order Theorem Proving",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.03241",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "HOList: An Environment for Machine Learning of Higher Order Logic Theorem Proving — ICML 2019",
          "url": "https://proceedings.mlr.press/v97/bansal19a.html",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Deepmath repository containing DeepHOL",
          "url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/deepmath",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        },
        {
          "title": "HOList benchmark and DeepHOL resources",
          "url": "https://sites.google.com/view/holist/home",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "benchmark"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2019-mathematics-dataset",
      "slug": "mathematics-dataset-neural-reasoning",
      "title": {
        "en": "Mathematics Dataset establishes a large synthetic benchmark for neural mathematical reasoning",
        "zh-CN": "Mathematics Dataset 建立大规模合成神经数学推理基准"
      },
      "event_date": "2019-04-02",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "benchmark",
        "dataset"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/mathematics-dataset-neural-reasoning/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/mathematics-dataset-neural-reasoning/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/mathematics-dataset-neural-reasoning.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Analysing Mathematical Reasoning Abilities of Neural Models",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.01557",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Analysing Mathematical Reasoning Abilities of Neural Models — ICLR 2019",
          "url": "https://openreview.net/forum?id=H1gR5iR5FX",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "DeepMind Mathematics Dataset generator and release",
          "url": "https://github.com/google-deepmind/mathematics_dataset",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2018-gamepad",
      "slug": "gamepad-coq-learning-environment",
      "title": {
        "en": "GamePad exposes Coq proof traces and interaction as a machine-learning environment",
        "zh-CN": "GamePad 将 Coq 证明轨迹与交互封装为机器学习环境"
      },
      "event_date": "2018-06-02",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "system",
        "infrastructure"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/gamepad-coq-learning-environment/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/gamepad-coq-learning-environment/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/gamepad-coq-learning-environment.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "GamePad: A Learning Environment for Theorem Proving",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1806.00608",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "GamePad Coq learning environment",
          "url": "https://github.com/ml4tp/gamepad",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2018-rl-theorem-proving",
      "slug": "reinforcement-learning-theorem-proving",
      "title": {
        "en": "Reinforcement learning guides large-scale automated theorem-proving search",
        "zh-CN": "强化学习用于引导大规模自动定理证明搜索"
      },
      "event_date": "2018-05-19",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/reinforcement-learning-theorem-proving/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/reinforcement-learning-theorem-proving/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/reinforcement-learning-theorem-proving.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Reinforcement Learning of Theorem Proving",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.07563",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Reinforcement Learning of Theorem Proving — NeurIPS 2018",
          "url": "https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2018/hash/55acf8539596d25624059980986aaa78-Abstract.html",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2018-neural-mizar-autoformalization",
      "slug": "neural-mizar-autoformalization",
      "title": {
        "en": "Neural translation establishes an early route from informalized mathematics to formal Mizar",
        "zh-CN": "神经翻译建立从非形式化数学文本到形式 Mizar 的早期路线"
      },
      "event_date": "2018-05-10",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "formalization"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/neural-mizar-autoformalization/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/neural-mizar-autoformalization/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/neural-mizar-autoformalization.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "First Experiments with Neural Translation of Informal to Formal Mathematics",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1805.06502",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "First Experiments with Neural Translation of Informal to Formal Mathematics — CICM 2018",
          "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-96812-4_22",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2017-mathlib3",
      "slug": "mathlib3-formal-mathematics-library",
      "title": {
        "en": "Mathlib3 creates a shared Lean library for collaborative formal mathematics",
        "zh-CN": "Mathlib3 建立面向协作式形式数学的共享 Lean 数学库"
      },
      "event_date": "2017-07-21",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-27",
      "event_types": [
        "formalization",
        "infrastructure"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "claimed",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/mathlib3-formal-mathematics-library/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/mathlib3-formal-mathematics-library/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/mathlib3-formal-mathematics-library.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "leanprover-community/mathlib3 repository",
          "url": "https://github.com/leanprover-community/mathlib3",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        },
        {
          "title": "The Lean mathematical library",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.09336",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2018-tactictoe",
      "slug": "tactictoe-hol4-tactic-learning",
      "title": {
        "en": "TacticToe learns tactic-level proof search from human HOL4 proofs",
        "zh-CN": "TacticToe 从人工 HOL4 证明中学习 tactic 级证明搜索"
      },
      "event_date": "2017-05-04",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "machine_checked"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/tactictoe-hol4-tactic-learning/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/tactictoe-hol4-tactic-learning/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/tactictoe-hol4-tactic-learning.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "TacticToe: Learning to Reason with HOL4 Tactics — LPAR-21",
          "url": "https://easychair.org/publications/paper/WsM",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "TacticToe: Learning to Prove with Tactics",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.00596",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "HOL4 TacticToe implementation",
          "url": "https://github.com/HOL-Theorem-Prover/HOL/tree/develop/src/tactictoe",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2017-holstep",
      "slug": "holstep-machine-learning-dataset",
      "title": {
        "en": "HolStep establishes a large machine-learning benchmark from real HOL Light proofs",
        "zh-CN": "HolStep 从真实 HOL Light 证明中建立大规模机器学习基准"
      },
      "event_date": "2017-03-01",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "benchmark",
        "dataset"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/holstep-machine-learning-dataset/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/holstep-machine-learning-dataset/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/holstep-machine-learning-dataset.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "HolStep: A Machine Learning Dataset for Higher-order Logic Theorem Proving",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1703.00426",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "HolStep: A Machine Learning Dataset for Higher-order Logic Theorem Proving — ICLR 2017",
          "url": "https://openreview.net/pdf?id=ryuxYmvel",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Deepmath HolStep baseline implementation",
          "url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/deepmath/tree/master/deepmath/holstep_baselines",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2017-deep-network-guided-proof-search",
      "slug": "deep-network-guided-proof-search",
      "title": {
        "en": "Deep networks are integrated directly into automated theorem-prover search",
        "zh-CN": "深度网络被直接接入自动定理证明器的内部搜索"
      },
      "event_date": "2017-01-24",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/deep-network-guided-proof-search/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/deep-network-guided-proof-search/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/deep-network-guided-proof-search.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Deep Network Guided Proof Search",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1701.06972",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Deep Network Guided Proof Search — LPAR-21",
          "url": "https://easychair.org/publications/paper/ND13",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2016-semantic-parsing-math",
      "slug": "semantic-parsing-mathematics",
      "title": {
        "en": "Statistical and semantic parsing advances early mathematical autoformalization",
        "zh-CN": "统计与语义解析推进早期数学自动形式化"
      },
      "event_date": "2016-11-29",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "formalization"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/semantic-parsing-mathematics/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/semantic-parsing-mathematics/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/semantic-parsing-mathematics.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Semantic Parsing of Mathematics by Context-based Learning from Aligned Corpora and Theorem Proving",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1611.09703",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2016-holophrasm",
      "slug": "holophrasm-neural-theorem-prover",
      "title": {
        "en": "Holophrasm builds a neural end-to-end theorem prover for Metamath",
        "zh-CN": "Holophrasm 构建面向 Metamath 的神经端到端定理证明器"
      },
      "event_date": "2016-08-08",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "proof",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "machine_checked"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/holophrasm-neural-theorem-prover/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/holophrasm-neural-theorem-prover/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/holophrasm-neural-theorem-prover.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Holophrasm: a neural Automated Theorem Prover for higher-order logic",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1608.02644",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Holophrasm neural Metamath prover implementation",
          "url": "https://github.com/dwhalen/holophrasm",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2016-deepmath",
      "slug": "deepmath-premise-selection",
      "title": {
        "en": "DeepMath brings deep sequence models to large-scale premise selection",
        "zh-CN": "DeepMath 将深度序列模型引入大规模前提选择"
      },
      "event_date": "2016-06-14",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/deepmath-premise-selection/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/deepmath-premise-selection/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/deepmath-premise-selection.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "DeepMath - Deep Sequence Models for Premise Selection",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1606.04442",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "DeepMath - Deep Sequence Models for Premise Selection — NIPS 2016",
          "url": "https://proceedings.neurips.cc/paper/2016/hash/f197002b9a0853eca5e046d9ca4663d5-Abstract.html",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "TensorFlow Deepmath premise-selection implementation",
          "url": "https://github.com/tensorflow/deepmath/tree/master/deepmath/premises",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2016-aitp",
      "slug": "aitp-conference-inaugural",
      "title": {
        "en": "The first AITP conference establishes a recurring AI-and-theorem-proving forum",
        "zh-CN": "首届 AITP 会议建立 AI 与定理证明的持续性学术论坛"
      },
      "event_date": "2016-04-03",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-14",
      "event_types": [
        "field_building"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "claimed",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/aitp-conference-inaugural/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/aitp-conference-inaugural/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/aitp-conference-inaugural.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "AITP 2016: 1st Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Theorem Proving",
          "url": "https://aitp-conference.org/2016/",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        },
        {
          "title": "AITP 2016: The First Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Theorem Proving — Abstracts of the talks",
          "url": "https://aitp-conference.org/2016/aitp_proceedings.pdf",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "other"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2015-ai4reason",
      "slug": "ai4reason-project-launch",
      "title": {
        "en": "AI4REASON launches a research program coupling machine learning with large-scale automated reasoning",
        "zh-CN": "AI4REASON 启动机器学习与大规模自动推理融合研究计划"
      },
      "event_date": "2015-09-01",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "field_building"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "claimed",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/ai4reason-project-launch/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/ai4reason-project-launch/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/ai4reason-project-launch.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Artificial Intelligence for Large-Scale Computer-Assisted Reasoning",
          "url": "https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/649043",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2015-lean",
      "slug": "lean-theorem-prover-cade-2015",
      "title": {
        "en": "Lean is presented at CADE-25 as an open theorem prover for formal mathematics",
        "zh-CN": "Lean 在 CADE-25 作为面向形式数学的开放证明器公开展示"
      },
      "event_date": "2015-08-07",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "system",
        "infrastructure",
        "formalization"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/lean-theorem-prover-cade-2015/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/lean-theorem-prover-cade-2015/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/lean-theorem-prover-cade-2015.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "The Lean Theorem Prover (System Description)",
          "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21401-6_26",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "The Lean Theorem Prover — CADE 2015 presentation",
          "url": "https://lean-lang.org/presentations/20150807_CADE",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        },
        {
          "title": "A Brief History of Lean",
          "url": "https://lean-lang.org/fro/about/",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        },
        {
          "title": "Lean 3 theorem prover repository",
          "url": "https://github.com/leanprover/lean3",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2014-flyspeck-completion",
      "slug": "flyspeck-kepler-completion",
      "title": {
        "en": "Flyspeck completes a formal proof of the Kepler conjecture",
        "zh-CN": "Flyspeck 完成克卜勒猜想形式证明"
      },
      "event_date": "2014-08-10",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "formalization",
        "proof"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "machine_checked"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/flyspeck-kepler-completion/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/flyspeck-kepler-completion/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/flyspeck-kepler-completion.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "The Flyspeck Project repository",
          "url": "https://github.com/flyspeck/flyspeck",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        },
        {
          "title": "A formal proof of the Kepler conjecture",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1501.02155",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2013-mizar40",
      "slug": "mizar40-ai-atp",
      "title": {
        "en": "MizAR 40 scales AI/ATP methods across the full Mizar Mathematical Library",
        "zh-CN": "MizAR 40 将 AI/ATP 方法扩展到完整 Mizar Mathematical Library"
      },
      "event_date": "2013-10-10",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "system",
        "benchmark"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/mizar40-ai-atp/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/mizar40-ai-atp/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/mizar40-ai-atp.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "MizAR 40 for Mizar 40",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1310.2805",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2013-holyhammer",
      "slug": "holyhammer-hol-light-ai-atp",
      "title": {
        "en": "HOL(y)Hammer combines learned premise selection with ATPs for HOL Light",
        "zh-CN": "HOL(y)Hammer 将学习式前提选择与 ATP 接入 HOL Light"
      },
      "event_date": "2013-09-19",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "system",
        "infrastructure"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/holyhammer-hol-light-ai-atp/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/holyhammer-hol-light-ai-atp/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/holyhammer-hol-light-ai-atp.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "HOL(y)Hammer: Online ATP Service for HOL Light",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1309.4962",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2013-odd-order-coq",
      "slug": "odd-order-theorem-coq",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coq completes a machine-checked formal proof of the Odd Order Theorem",
        "zh-CN": "Coq 完成奇数阶定理的机器检查形式证明"
      },
      "event_date": "2013-07-22",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "formalization",
        "proof"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "machine_checked"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/odd-order-theorem-coq/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/odd-order-theorem-coq/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/odd-order-theorem-coq.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "A Machine-Checked Proof of the Odd Order Theorem",
          "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39634-2_14",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2010-sledgehammer",
      "slug": "sledgehammer-isabelle-atp",
      "title": {
        "en": "Sledgehammer makes external automated provers practical inside Isabelle",
        "zh-CN": "Sledgehammer 将外部自动证明器实用化地接入 Isabelle"
      },
      "event_date": "2010-07-14",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "system",
        "infrastructure"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "machine_checked"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/sledgehammer-isabelle-atp/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/sledgehammer-isabelle-atp/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/sledgehammer-isabelle-atp.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Three Years of Experience with Sledgehammer, a Practical Link between Automatic and Interactive Theorem Provers",
          "url": "https://www.eprover.org/EVENTS/PAAR-2010/paar-2010.html",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2007-mptp-challenge",
      "slug": "mptp-large-theory-challenge",
      "title": {
        "en": "The MPTP Challenge benchmarks AI-assisted automated reasoning in large mathematical theories",
        "zh-CN": "MPTP Challenge 对大型数学理论中的 AI 辅助自动推理进行统一评测"
      },
      "event_date": "2007-07-16",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "competition",
        "benchmark",
        "dataset"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "claimed",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/mptp-large-theory-challenge/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/mptp-large-theory-challenge/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/mptp-large-theory-challenge.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "The MPTP Challenges",
          "url": "https://tptp.org/Challenges/MPTPChallenge/",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "benchmark"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2007-malarea",
      "slug": "malarea-learning-reasoning-loop",
      "title": {
        "en": "MaLARea closes a machine-learning and theorem-proving feedback loop over large theories",
        "zh-CN": "MaLARea 在大型理论上建立机器学习与定理证明反馈循环"
      },
      "event_date": "2007-06-27",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/malarea-learning-reasoning-loop/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/malarea-learning-reasoning-loop/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/malarea-learning-reasoning-loop.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "MaLARea: a Metasystem for Automated Reasoning in Large Theories",
          "url": "https://ceur-ws.org/Vol-257/05_Urban.pdf",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2005-four-colour-coq",
      "slug": "four-colour-theorem-coq",
      "title": {
        "en": "Coq fully checks a formal proof of the Four Colour Theorem",
        "zh-CN": "Coq 完整检查四色定理形式证明"
      },
      "event_date": "2005-04-21",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "formalization",
        "proof"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "machine_checked"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/four-colour-theorem-coq/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/four-colour-theorem-coq/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/four-colour-theorem-coq.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "A computer-checked proof of the Four Colour Theorem",
          "url": "https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~lp15/Pages/4colproof.pdf",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-2003-flyspeck-launch",
      "slug": "flyspeck-project-launch",
      "title": {
        "en": "Flyspeck launches a long-term formal proof of the Kepler conjecture",
        "zh-CN": "Flyspeck 启动克卜勒猜想长期形式化证明工程"
      },
      "event_date": "2003-01-15",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "formalization",
        "infrastructure"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "claimed",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/flyspeck-project-launch/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/flyspeck-project-launch/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/flyspeck-project-launch.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "A formal proof of the Kepler conjecture",
          "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/1501.02155",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-1998-hr",
      "slug": "hr-automated-theory-formation",
      "title": {
        "en": "HR automates mathematical concept formation and theory exploration",
        "zh-CN": "HR 自动化数学概念形成与理论探索"
      },
      "event_date": "1998-07-26",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "discovery",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/hr-automated-theory-formation/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/hr-automated-theory-formation/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/hr-automated-theory-formation.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "HR - Automatic Concept Formation in Finite Algebras",
          "url": "https://auld.aaai.org/Library/AAAI/aaai98contents.php",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Automated Theory Formation Applied to Four Learning Tasks",
          "url": "https://www.ida.liu.se/ext/epa/cis/2000/038/cover.bak",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-1996-robbins-eqp",
      "slug": "robbins-conjecture-eqp",
      "title": {
        "en": "EQP finds a proof resolving the Robbins conjecture",
        "zh-CN": "EQP 找到解决 Robbins 猜想的证明"
      },
      "event_date": "1996-10-10",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "proof",
        "discovery",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "machine_checked"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/robbins-conjecture-eqp/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/robbins-conjecture-eqp/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/robbins-conjecture-eqp.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Solution of the Robbins Problem",
          "url": "https://ftp.mcs.anl.gov/pub/tech_reports/reports/P642.pdf",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-1996-casc",
      "slug": "cade-atp-system-competition",
      "title": {
        "en": "The CADE ATP System Competition institutionalizes head-to-head theorem-prover evaluation",
        "zh-CN": "CADE ATP System Competition 将定理证明器统一竞赛评测制度化"
      },
      "event_date": "1996-08-01",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "competition",
        "benchmark",
        "field_building"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "claimed",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/cade-atp-system-competition/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/cade-atp-system-competition/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/cade-atp-system-competition.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "CADE ATP System Competition",
          "url": "https://lics.siglog.org/floc96/cade-comp.html",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-1994-qed-manifesto",
      "slug": "qed-manifesto",
      "title": {
        "en": "The QED Manifesto articulates a shared vision for a machine-checked mathematical knowledge base",
        "zh-CN": "QED Manifesto 提出共享机器检查数学知识库愿景"
      },
      "event_date": "1994-05-15",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "field_building"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/qed-manifesto/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/qed-manifesto/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/qed-manifesto.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "The QED Manifesto",
          "url": "https://www.cs.ru.nl/~freek/qed/qed.pdf",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "community"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-1993-tptp",
      "slug": "tptp-problem-library",
      "title": {
        "en": "TPTP establishes a shared benchmark library for automated theorem proving",
        "zh-CN": "TPTP 建立自动定理证明共享基准问题库"
      },
      "event_date": "1993-11-12",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "benchmark",
        "dataset",
        "infrastructure"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "claimed",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/tptp-problem-library/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/tptp-problem-library/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/tptp-problem-library.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "TPTP History",
          "url": "https://www.cs.miami.edu/home/geoff/Courses/TPTPSYS/TPTPWorld/TPTPHistory.shtml",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "benchmark"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-1992-metamath",
      "slug": "metamath-formal-language",
      "title": {
        "en": "Metamath establishes a minimal formal language and independently checkable proof corpus",
        "zh-CN": "Metamath 建立极简形式语言与可独立检查证明语料"
      },
      "event_date": "1992-09-30",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "formalization",
        "infrastructure"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "claimed",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/metamath-formal-language/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/metamath-formal-language/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/metamath-formal-language.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Metamath Proof Explorer — early proof record",
          "url": "https://us.metamath.org/mpeuni/id1.html",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "formal_artifact"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-1988-isabelle",
      "slug": "isabelle-generic-theorem-prover",
      "title": {
        "en": "Isabelle develops a generic theorem-proving framework across object logics",
        "zh-CN": "Isabelle 建立跨对象逻辑的通用定理证明框架"
      },
      "event_date": "1988-05-23",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "formalization",
        "system",
        "infrastructure"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/isabelle-generic-theorem-prover/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/isabelle-generic-theorem-prover/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/isabelle-generic-theorem-prover.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Isabelle — The Next Seven Hundred Theorem Provers",
          "url": "https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/BFb0012819",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-1988-hol",
      "slug": "hol-proof-generating-system",
      "title": {
        "en": "HOL consolidates LCF-style mechanized proof for higher-order logic",
        "zh-CN": "HOL 将 LCF 式机械证明体系扩展并整合到高阶逻辑"
      },
      "event_date": "1988-01-01",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "formalization",
        "system",
        "infrastructure"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/hol-proof-generating-system/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/hol-proof-generating-system/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/hol-proof-generating-system.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "HOL: A Proof Generating System for Higher-Order Logic",
          "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2007-4_3",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "HOL: A proof generating system for higher-order logic — Technical Report 103",
          "url": "https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/techreports/UCAM-CL-TR-103.html",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-1986-nuprl",
      "slug": "nuprl-constructive-proof-development",
      "title": {
        "en": "Nuprl demonstrates constructive proof development on substantial number theory",
        "zh-CN": "Nuprl 展示面向实质性数论的构造性证明开发"
      },
      "event_date": "1986-07-01",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "formalization",
        "system",
        "infrastructure"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
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        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/nuprl-constructive-proof-development.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Implementing Number Theory: An Experiment with Nuprl",
          "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-16780-3_108",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "8th International Conference on Automated Deduction — Proceedings",
          "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-16780-3",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "Nuprl book overview and system background",
          "url": "https://nuprl-web.cs.cornell.edu/book/Overview.html",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-1986-graffiti",
      "slug": "graffiti-automated-conjecturing",
      "title": {
        "en": "Graffiti turns graph-theory conjecture generation into a sustained computer program",
        "zh-CN": "Graffiti 将图论猜想生成发展为持续运行的计算机计划"
      },
      "event_date": "1986-06-01",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "discovery",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/graffiti-automated-conjecturing/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/graffiti-automated-conjecturing/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/graffiti-automated-conjecturing.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "On Conjectures of Graffiti",
          "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-5060(08)70776-3",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-1984-coq",
      "slug": "coq-early-proof-checker",
      "title": {
        "en": "The Calculus of Constructions proof checker begins the Coq lineage",
        "zh-CN": "Calculus of Constructions 证明检查器开启 Coq 谱系"
      },
      "event_date": "1984-12-22",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "formalization",
        "system",
        "infrastructure"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "claimed",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
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        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/coq-early-proof-checker/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/coq-early-proof-checker.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Coq / Rocq historical notes",
          "url": "https://rocq-prover.org/doc/V8.20.1/refman/history.html",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-1979-edinburgh-lcf",
      "slug": "edinburgh-lcf-trusted-kernel-tactics",
      "title": {
        "en": "Edinburgh LCF consolidates the trusted-kernel, ML and tactics architecture for interactive theorem proving",
        "zh-CN": "Edinburgh LCF 确立可信内核、ML 与 tactics 的交互式定理证明架构"
      },
      "event_date": "1979-12-01",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "formalization",
        "system",
        "infrastructure"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/edinburgh-lcf-trusted-kernel-tactics/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/edinburgh-lcf-trusted-kernel-tactics/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/edinburgh-lcf-trusted-kernel-tactics.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Edinburgh LCF: A Mechanized Logic of Computation",
          "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-09724-4",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-1977-am",
      "slug": "am-automated-mathematician",
      "title": {
        "en": "AM explores automated mathematical concept formation and conjecture discovery",
        "zh-CN": "AM 探索自动数学概念形成与猜想发现"
      },
      "event_date": "1977-08-22",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "discovery",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/am-automated-mathematician/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/am-automated-mathematician/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/am-automated-mathematician.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Automated Theory Formation in Mathematics",
          "url": "https://www.ijcai.org/Proceedings/77-2/Papers/094.pdf",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        },
        {
          "title": "The ubiquity of discovery",
          "url": "https://doi.org/10.1016/0004-3702(77)90024-8",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-1977-wu-method",
      "slug": "wu-method-geometry-theorem-proving",
      "title": {
        "en": "Wen-Tsun Wu validates the algebraic method that becomes Wu's method for automated geometry theorem proving",
        "zh-CN": "吴文俊验证后来被称为“吴方法”的几何定理机器证明代数方法"
      },
      "event_date": "1977-02-18",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "proof",
        "infrastructure"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "claimed",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
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        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/wu-method-geometry-theorem-proving.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Chinese Academy of Sciences retrospective on Wen-Tsun Wu and Wu's method",
          "url": "https://www.cas.cn/zt/hyzt/ysdh21st/ysfc/202406/t20240621_5022393.shtml",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        },
        {
          "title": "Wen-Tsun Wu memorial bibliography — mathematics mechanization papers",
          "url": "https://www.amss.cas.cn/wwj/jnwz/201705/t20170506_4784450.html",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-1973-mizar",
      "slug": "mizar-ideology",
      "title": {
        "en": "The Mizar program begins a long-running machine-readable formal mathematics project",
        "zh-CN": "Mizar 理念开启长期机器可读形式数学工程"
      },
      "event_date": "1973-11-14",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "formalization",
        "infrastructure",
        "field_building"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "claimed",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/mizar-ideology/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/mizar-ideology/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/mizar-ideology.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Mizar project history",
          "url": "https://mizar.uwb.edu.pl/",
          "tier": "S2",
          "type": "official_announcement"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-1973-pltp",
      "slug": "pltp-boyer-moore-induction",
      "title": {
        "en": "The Edinburgh Pure Lisp Theorem Prover brings automated induction to program reasoning",
        "zh-CN": "Edinburgh Pure Lisp Theorem Prover 将自动归纳推理用于程序性质证明"
      },
      "event_date": "1973-08-20",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "proof",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E3",
        "formal_assurance": "artifact_available"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/pltp-boyer-moore-induction/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/pltp-boyer-moore-induction/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/pltp-boyer-moore-induction.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "The PLTP Archive",
          "url": "https://www.cs.utexas.edu/~moore/best-ideas/pltp/index.html",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "repository"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-1972-lcf",
      "slug": "lcf-proof-checker",
      "title": {
        "en": "Stanford LCF demonstrates interactive machine checking for Scott's Logic for Computable Functions",
        "zh-CN": "Stanford LCF 展示 Scott 可计算函数逻辑的交互式机器证明检查"
      },
      "event_date": "1972-01-01",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "formalization",
        "infrastructure",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/lcf-proof-checker/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/lcf-proof-checker/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/lcf-proof-checker.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Implementation and Applications of Scott's Logic for Computable Functions",
          "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/800235.807067",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-1971-macsyma",
      "slug": "macsyma-symbolic-mathematics",
      "title": {
        "en": "MACSYMA consolidates symbolic mathematical manipulation into an AI-era system",
        "zh-CN": "MACSYMA 将符号数学操作整合为 AI 时代的通用系统"
      },
      "event_date": "1971-03-23",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "system",
        "infrastructure"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/macsyma-symbolic-mathematics/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/macsyma-symbolic-mathematics/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/macsyma-symbolic-mathematics.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "The MACSYMA system",
          "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/800204.806267",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-1968-automath",
      "slug": "automath-language",
      "title": {
        "en": "Automath establishes a language for machine-checkable mathematics",
        "zh-CN": "Automath 建立面向机器检查数学的形式语言"
      },
      "event_date": "1968-12-16",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "formalization",
        "infrastructure"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/automath-language/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/automath-language/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/automath-language.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "AUTOMATH, a language for mathematics",
          "url": "https://research.tue.nl/en/publications/automath-a-language-for-mathematics/",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-1965-resolution-principle",
      "slug": "resolution-principle",
      "title": {
        "en": "Robinson's resolution principle establishes a machine-oriented foundation for automated deduction",
        "zh-CN": "Robinson 归结原理建立面向机器的自动演绎基础"
      },
      "event_date": "1965-01-01",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "infrastructure"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/resolution-principle/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/resolution-principle/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/resolution-principle.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "A Machine-Oriented Logic Based on the Resolution Principle",
          "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/321250.321253",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-1961-saint",
      "slug": "saint-symbolic-integration",
      "title": {
        "en": "SAINT applies heuristic AI to symbolic integration",
        "zh-CN": "SAINT 将启发式人工智能用于符号积分"
      },
      "event_date": "1961-05-10",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
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        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/saint-symbolic-integration/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/saint-symbolic-integration.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "A Heuristic Program that Solves Symbolic Integration Problems in Freshman Calculus",
          "url": "https://doi.org/10.1145/321186.321193",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-1960-geometry-theorem-machine",
      "slug": "geometry-theorem-machine",
      "title": {
        "en": "The Geometry Theorem Machine demonstrates heuristic proof search in Euclidean geometry",
        "zh-CN": "Geometry Theorem Machine 展示欧氏几何中的启发式证明搜索"
      },
      "event_date": "1960-05-03",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "proof",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
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        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/geometry-theorem-machine/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/geometry-theorem-machine.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "Empirical Explorations of the Geometry Theorem Machine",
          "url": "https://research.ibm.com/publications/empirical-explorations-of-the-geometry-theorem-machine",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-1956-logic-theorist",
      "slug": "logic-theorist",
      "title": {
        "en": "Logic Theorist demonstrates machine-generated proofs in symbolic logic",
        "zh-CN": "Logic Theorist 展示机器生成的符号逻辑证明"
      },
      "event_date": "1956-09-10",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "proof",
        "system"
      ],
      "significance": "H2",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
        "en": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/en/events/logic-theorist/",
        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/logic-theorist/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/logic-theorist.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "The Logic Theory Machine — A Complex Information Processing System",
          "url": "https://www.rand.org/pubs/papers/P868.html",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "evt-1955-dartmouth-ai-proposal",
      "slug": "dartmouth-ai-proposal",
      "title": {
        "en": "The Dartmouth proposal frames artificial intelligence as a research program",
        "zh-CN": "达特茅斯提案将“人工智能”明确提出为研究计划"
      },
      "event_date": "1955-08-31",
      "last_updated": "2026-09-15",
      "event_types": [
        "field_building"
      ],
      "significance": "H3",
      "verification": {
        "status": "paper_released",
        "evidence_level": "E2",
        "formal_assurance": "none"
      },
      "urls": {
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        "zh-CN": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/zh-CN/events/dartmouth-ai-proposal/",
        "json": "https://charlie-wang-03.github.io/ai4math-chronicle/data/events/dartmouth-ai-proposal.json"
      },
      "primary_sources": [
        {
          "title": "A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence",
          "url": "https://doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v27i4.1904",
          "tier": "S1",
          "type": "paper"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}
